Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, like Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), is suspected of playing a role in the occurrence of breast cancer. Moreover, there is growing evidence that food chemical contaminants, especially lipophilic ones such as PBDEs, could interact with different components of the diet. The objective of the present study was to assess the association between dietary intake of PBDEs and breast cancer risk in the French E3N cohort study, and to investigate the potential modification of this association by vegetable oil consumption.

The study included 67 879 women. Intakes of eight PBDEs were estimated using food consumption data from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and food contamination levels measured by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for the association between total PBDEs dietary intake and breast cancer risk. Interaction measures for vegetable oil consumption were estimated on both additive and multiplicative scales.

The women were followed for a maximum of 21.4 years, and 5 686 developed an incident breast cancer. A positive linear trend was highlighted between dietary intake of PBDEs in quintile groups and breast cancer risk, borderline with statistical significance (p-trend = 0.06, HR_Q5vsQ1 and 95% CI: 1.09 [0.99;1.20]). Interaction measures for vegetable oil consumption were significant in both additive and multiplicative scales. Higher effect sizes of the association were highlighted in high consumers of vegetable oil, i.e. ≥4.6 g/day (HR_Q5vsQ1 and 95% CI: 1.23 [1.08; 1.40]), and almost no effect were found in low consumers (HR_Q5vsQ1 and 95% CI: 0.97 [0.86; 1.10]).

Highlighting such interactions between nutrients and chemicals is crucial to develop efficient dietary recommendations to limit the negative health effects associated with exposure to food chemical contaminants.

暴露于干扰内分泌的化学物质，如多溴二苯醚 (PBDE)，被怀疑在乳腺癌的发生中起作用。此外，越来越多的证据表明，食品化学污染物，尤其是多溴二苯醚等亲脂性污染物，可能与饮食的不同成分相互作用。本研究的目的是在法国 E3N 队列研究中评估膳食摄入 PBDEs 与乳腺癌风险之间的关联，并调查食用植物油对这种关联的潜在影响。

该研究包括 67  879 名女性。使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷的食物消费数据以及法国食品、环境和职业健康与安全局 (ANSES) 测量的食物污染水平估算了八种 PBDE 的摄入量。Cox 比例风险模型用于估计总 PBDEs 膳食摄入量与乳腺癌风险之间关联的风险比 (HR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。在加法和乘法尺度上估计了植物油消耗的相互作用测量值。

对这些女性的最长随访时间为 21.4 年，其中 5 686 人发生了乳腺癌。五分之一组的 PBDEs 膳食摄入量与乳腺癌风险呈正线性趋势，具有统计学意义（p 趋势 = 0.06，HR _Q5vsQ1和 95% CI：1.09 [0.99;1.20]）。植物油消耗量的交互作用测量在加法和乘法尺度上都很显着。较高的植物油消费量（即≥4.6 克/天）（HR _Q5vsQ1和 95% CI：1.23 [1.08; 1.40]）在低消费量（HR _Q5vsQ1和95% CI：0.97 [0.86；1.10]）。

强调营养素和化学物质之间的这种相互作用对于制定有效的饮食建议以限制与接触食品化学污染物相关的负面健康影响至关重要。