A series of multiple logic circuits based on a single biomolecular platform is constructed to perform nonarithmetic and arithmetic functions, including 4-to-2 encoder, 1-to-2 demultiplexer, 1-to-4 demultiplexer, and multi-input OR gate. The encoder to a DNA circuit is the equivalent of a sensory receptor to a reflex arc. They all function to encode information from outside the pathway (DNA circuit or reflex arc) into a form that subsequent pathways can recognize and utilize. Current molecular encoders are based on optical or electrical signals as outputs, while DNA circuits are based on DNA strands as transmission signals. The output of existing encoders cannot be recognized by subsequent DNA circuits. It is the first time the DNA-based encoder with DNA strands as outputs can be truly applied to the DNA circuit, enabling the application of DNA circuits in non-binary biological environments. Another novel feature of the designed system is that the developed nanodevices all have a simple structure, low leakage and low crosstalk, which allows them to implement higher-level encoders and demultiplexers easily. Our work is based on the idea of complex functionality in a simple form, which will also provide a new route for developing advanced molecular logic circuits.

中文翻译：

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DNA 电路兼容编码器和解复用器，基于以 DNA 链作为输出的单一生物分子平台

构建了一系列基于单个生物分子平台的多个逻辑电路来执行非算术和算术功能，包括 4 对 2 编码器、1 对 2 解复用器、1 对 4 解复用器和多输入或门。DNA 电路的编码器相当于反射弧的感觉受体。它们都具有将来自通路（DNA 回路或反射弧）外部的信息编码成后续通路可以识别和利用的形式的功能。当前的分子编码器基于光或电信号作为输出，而 DNA 电路基于 DNA 链作为传输信号。现有编码器的输出无法被后续 DNA 电路识别。这是第一次以 DNA 链作为输出的基于 DNA 的编码器可以真正应用于 DNA 电路，使 DNA 电路在非二元生物环境中的应用成为可能。所设计系统的另一个新特点是所开发的纳米器件结构简单，泄漏和串扰低，这使得它们能够轻松实现更高级别的编码器和解复用器。我们的工作基于简单形式的复杂功能的思想，这也将为开发先进的分子逻辑电路提供新的途径。