Hazardous materials are usually stored in large tanks surrounded by bunds to prevent the disastrous consequences of catastrophic tank failure. The effectiveness of the bunds system is demonstrated by its ability to prevent liquid overtopping and withstand dynamic pressure. Therefore, this work experimentally investigates the effect of bund design parameters, including shapes, inclined angles and breakwaters, primarily on overtopping fraction, flow behavior and dynamic pressure on the bund, to provide a guideline for the effectiveness of bund parameters to reduce liquid leakage. In addition, two three-dimensional (3D) models based on the RNG k-ε and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence models were employed and systematically validated against two series of experiments to study the complex phenomenon of liquid overtopping in the bunds built according to the terrain. The overtopping fraction and dynamic pressure were studied on the petroleum products with different physical characteristics and the scale-up effect of liquid overtopping by using the RNG k-ε model. These results will contribute to the reliable design of subsequent bunds and reduce the potential risks for the safety management of tank farms.

危险材料通常储存在被堤坝包围的大型储罐中，以防止灾难性储罐故障造成的灾难性后果。堤岸系统的有效性通过其防止液体溢出和承受动态压力的能力来证明。因此，本工作通过实验研究了外滩设计参数的影响，包括形状、倾斜角和防波堤，主要对外滩的溢流率、流动行为和动态压力的影响，为外滩参数减少液体泄漏的有效性提供指导。此外，基于 RNG k-ε 和大涡模拟(LES) 湍流模型的两个三维 (3D)模型采用并针对两个系列的实验进行了系统验证，以研究根据地形建造的堤岸中液体溢出的复杂现象。采用RNG k-ε模型研究了不同物性石油产品的溢流率和动压以及液体溢流的放大效应。这些结果将有助于后续堤岸的可靠设计，降低罐区安全管理的潜在风险。