Electronic waste (E-waste) is considered as a hazardous material, however, it also contains valuable elements, including gallium (Ga). E-waste can be processed through the black copper smelting to recover these valuable elements. However, the detailed thermodynamics behavior of many of the valuable elements during black copper smelting has not been studied comprehensively. This study aims to investigate the thermodynamics of Ga in copper and slag at black copper smelting conditions. High-temperature equilibrium experiments were carried out to measure the distribution ratio of Ga in Fe₂O₃–CaO–SiO₂ slag and copper at temperature range of 1300 °C to 1450 °C (1573 K to 1723 K) and partial pressure of oxygen (p_O2) of 10^–6 to 10^–11 atm. The effect of Fe_T/SiO₂ ratio and basicity (measured as CaO/SiO₂) of the slag on the distribution ratio of Ga were also investigated. The partitioning of Ga into the copper phase was found to increase with decreasing oxygen partial pressure, and with increasing temperature, Fe_T/SiO₂ ratio and basicity. The study revealed that a basic slag at higher temperature and at a reducing atmosphere was favorable to increase Ga partitioning to the copper.

电子垃圾（E-waste）被认为是一种有害物质，但它也含有有价值的元素，包括镓（Ga）。电子垃圾可以通过黑铜冶炼来回收这些有价值的元素。然而，许多有价元素在黑铜冶炼过程中的详细热力学行为尚未得到全面研究。本研究旨在研究黑铜冶炼条件下铜和渣中 Ga 的热力学特性。进行高温平衡实验，测定了1300℃～1450℃（1573K～1723K）温度范围内Ga在Fe ₂ O ₃ -CaO-SiO ₂渣和铜中的分布比，分压为氧气 ( p _O2 ) 为 10^–6到 10 ^–11个 大气压。还研究了渣的Fe _T /SiO ₂比和碱度（以CaO/SiO ₂计）对Ga分配比的影响。发现随着氧分压的降低，以及随着温度、Fe _T /SiO ₂比和碱度的升高，Ga 在铜相中的分配增加。研究表明，在较高温度和还原气氛下的碱性渣有利于增加 Ga 在铜中的分配。