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RhoA as a Signaling Hub Controlling Glucagon Secretion from Pancreatic α-Cells
Diabetes ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 , DOI: 10.2337/db21-1010
Xue Wen Ng , Yong Hee Chung , Farzad Asadi , Chen Kong , Alessandro Ustione , David W. Piston

Glucagon hypersecretion from pancreatic islet α-cells exacerbates hyperglycemia in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. Still, the underlying mechanistic pathways that regulate glucagon secretion remain controversial. Among the three complementary main mechanisms (intrinsic, paracrine and juxtacrine) proposed to regulate glucagon release from α-cells, juxtacrine interactions are the least studied. It is known that tonic stimulation of α-cell EphA receptors by ephrinA ligands (EphA forward signaling) inhibits glucagon secretion in mouse and human islets and restores glucose inhibition of glucagon secretion in sorted mouse α-cells, and these effects correlate with increased F-actin density. Here, we elucidate the downstream target of EphA signaling in α-cells. We demonstrate that RhoA, a Rho family GTPase, plays a key role in this pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of RhoA disrupts glucose inhibition of glucagon secretion in islets and decreases cortical F-actin density in dispersed α-cells and α-cells in intact islets. Quantitative FRET biosensor imaging shows that increased RhoA activity follows directly from EphA stimulation. In addition to modulating F-actin density, we show that EphA forward signaling and RhoA activity affects α-cell Ca2+ activity in a novel mechanistic pathway. Finally, we show that stimulating EphA forward signaling restores glucose inhibition of glucagon secretion from human T1D donor islets.

中文翻译:

RhoA 作为控制胰腺 α 细胞分泌胰高血糖素的信号中枢

来自胰岛 α 细胞的胰高血糖素分泌过多会加剧 1 型 (T1D) 和 2 型 (T2D) 糖尿病患者的高血糖症。尽管如此,调节胰高血糖素分泌的潜在机制途径仍存在争议。在提议调节胰高血糖素从 α 细胞释放的三种互补主要机制(内在、旁分泌和近分泌)中,近分泌相互作用研究最少。已知 ephrinA 配体(EphA 前向信号传导)对 α 细胞 EphA 受体的强直刺激会抑制小鼠和人类胰岛中的胰高血糖素分泌,并恢复葡萄糖对分选的小鼠 α 细胞中胰高血糖素分泌的抑制,这些作用与增加的 F-肌动蛋白密度。在这里,我们阐明了 α 细胞中 EphA 信号转导的下游靶点。我们证明 RhoA 是 Rho 家族 GTP 酶,在该通路中起着关键作用。RhoA 的药理学抑制破坏了胰岛中胰高血糖素分泌的葡萄糖抑制,并降低了分散的 α 细胞和完整胰岛中的 α 细胞的皮质 F-肌动蛋白密度。定量 FRET 生物传感器成像显示,增加的 RhoA 活性直接来自 EphA 刺激。除了调节 F-肌动蛋白密度外,我们还表明 EphA 前向信号传导和 RhoA 活性在新的机制途径中影响 α 细胞 Ca2+ 活性。最后,我们证明刺激 EphA 前向信号转导可以恢复人类 T1D 供体胰岛分泌胰高血糖素的葡萄糖抑制作用。定量 FRET 生物传感器成像显示,增加的 RhoA 活性直接来自 EphA 刺激。除了调节 F-肌动蛋白密度外,我们还表明 EphA 前向信号传导和 RhoA 活性在新的机制途径中影响 α 细胞 Ca2+ 活性。最后,我们证明刺激 EphA 前向信号转导可以恢复人类 T1D 供体胰岛分泌胰高血糖素的葡萄糖抑制作用。定量 FRET 生物传感器成像显示,增加的 RhoA 活性直接来自 EphA 刺激。除了调节 F-肌动蛋白密度外,我们还表明 EphA 前向信号传导和 RhoA 活性在新的机制途径中影响 α 细胞 Ca2+ 活性。最后,我们证明刺激 EphA 前向信号转导可以恢复人类 T1D 供体胰岛分泌胰高血糖素的葡萄糖抑制作用。
更新日期:2022-07-29
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