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Phase equilibria of methane/TBAC mixed hydrates in the presence of produced water
The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 , DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24579
Chandradeep Bollineni 1 , Nagu Daraboina 1
Affiliation  

Produced water (PW) is a by-product and one of the major pollutants from the oil and gas industry. PW contains various pollutants and must be treated as per environmental regulations before its disposal or reuse. Thus, it presents a substantial economic and ecological problem in the oil and gas industry. Currently, there is ongoing research on various methods to treat PW efficiently. Hydrate-based water desalination is one of the promising technologies. There is a continuing effort to identify a suitable hydrate former that can enhance the commercial feasibility of the process. This study investigates tetra-n-butyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) + methane as a potential clathrate former. The hydrate equilibrium temperatures of the mixed hydrates (TBAC + methane) are significantly higher at a given pressure than methane hydrates, suggesting the suitability of mixed hydrates for process development. There was a significant increase in the phase equilibrium temperature at 5 wt.% TBAC in the presence of PW compared to deionized water (DI), but the effect faded away as TBAC concentration increased in the solution. This can be attributed to a higher amount of chloride ions as the TBAC concentration is increased. These results elucidate the necessity to optimize the TBAC concentrations to develop an efficient hydrate desalination process for higher saline concentrations.

中文翻译:

甲烷/TBAC 混合水合物在采出水存在下的相平衡

采出水 (PW) 是石油和天然气行业的副产品,也是主要污染物之一。PW 含有多种污染物,在处置或再利用之前必须按照环境法规进行处理。因此,它在石油和天然气工业中提出了重大的经济和生态问题。目前,正在进行各种有效治疗 PW 的方法的研究。基于水合物的海水淡化是一种很有前途的技术。人们一直在努力寻找合适的水合物形成剂,以提高该工艺的商业可行性。本研究调查四-丁基氯化铵 (TBAC) + 甲烷作为潜在的包合物形成剂。在给定压力下,混合水合物(TBAC + 甲烷)的水合物平衡温度明显高于甲烷水合物,表明混合水合物适用于工艺开发。与去离子水 (DI) 相比,在 5 wt.% TBAC 存在 PW 时,相平衡温度显着升高,但随着溶液中 TBAC 浓度的增加,这种影响逐渐消失。这可归因于随着 TBAC 浓度的增加,氯离子的量增加。这些结果阐明了优化 TBAC 浓度以开发用于更高盐水浓度的有效水合物脱盐工艺的必要性。
更新日期:2022-07-29
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