A new high-efficiency composite process consisting of laser machining and abrasive belt grinding was proposed to prepare multi-scale graded microstructures on the surface of Inconel718 nickel-base superalloy for aviation. The scheme is based on the machining characteristics of abrasive belt grinding, low damage molding and high-efficiency grinding and polishing, the effective combination of ultrashort pulse laser-induced surface microstructure growth, and the thermal effect in the process of high-energy beam machining, so as to realize the efficient preparation of hierarchical microstructure. In the one-step forming process, the accuracy of the material surface is ensured by abrasive belt grinding. The porous microstructure on the surface is catalyzed by the thermal effect produced by the high-energy beam laser. The scale of the porous structure is 3 µm–6 µm, the pore surface will generate nanoparticles, the size is below 100 nm, and dense nanoparticles will be generated on the surface. The porous structure can be super hydrophilic and adsorbed to form a liquid membrane. The formation of rib-like microstructures on the surface induced by ultrashort pulse laser makes the liquid film have directional spreading properties. Rib-like microstructure height is 50 µm–150 µm and it can be adjusted by setting the scanning line width. The one-step method for preparing hierarchical microstructures proposed in this study can efficiently process large-area microstructure surfaces with different wetting properties.

提出了一种激光加工和砂带磨削的高效复合工艺，在Inconel718航空用镍基高温合金表面制备多尺度渐变显微组织。该方案基于砂带磨削、低损伤成型和高效磨削抛光的加工特性，有效结合超短脉冲激光诱导的表面微结构生长，以及高能束加工过程中的热效应，从而实现分级微结构的高效制备。在一步成型过程中，通过砂带磨削保证材料表面的精度。表面上的多孔微结构由高能光束激光器产生的热效应催化。多孔结构的尺度为3 µm-6 µm，孔表面会产生纳米颗粒，尺寸在100 nm以下，表面会产生致密的纳米颗粒。多孔结构可以是超亲水的并被吸附形成液膜。超短脉冲激光诱导的表面形成肋状微结构，使液膜具有定向扩散特性。肋状微结构高度为50 µm-150 µm，可通过设置扫描线宽度进行调整。本研究提出的一步制备分级微结构的方法可以有效地处理具有不同润湿性能的大面积微结构表面。多孔结构可以是超亲水的并被吸附形成液膜。超短脉冲激光诱导的表面形成肋状微结构，使液膜具有定向扩散特性。肋状微结构高度为50 µm-150 µm，可通过设置扫描线宽度进行调整。本研究提出的一步制备分级微结构的方法可以有效地处理具有不同润湿性能的大面积微结构表面。多孔结构可以是超亲水的并被吸附形成液膜。超短脉冲激光诱导的表面形成肋状微结构，使液膜具有定向扩散特性。肋状微结构高度为50 µm-150 µm，可通过设置扫描线宽度进行调整。本研究提出的一步制备分级微结构的方法可以有效地处理具有不同润湿性能的大面积微结构表面。