International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation ( IF 7.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2022.102915 Ville V. Lehtola, Mila Koeva, Sander Oude Elberink, Paulo Raposo, Juho-Pekka Virtanen, Faridaddin Vahdatikhaki, Simone Borsci
Digital twins (DTs) have been found useful in manufacturing, construction, and maintenance. Adapting DTs to serve cities, the question arises of what an urban digital twin should contain and how it should be orchestrated to serve a city’s dynamical ecosystem, along with how to enhance the efficiency of the city. We are aligning with the commonplace idea that the main advantage of using DTs is economical as, for example, DTs can improve the planning of activities thus saving money and time. But how can they be useful for a city? Instead of looking at the DTs as solutions in search of problems to be solved, we start from city needs. Our approach is two-fold. We start by briefly reviewing existing possibilities for meeting some specific needs, but keep the focus on identifying and attempting to close the gap between the needs arising from everyday city functions and the latest DT techniques useful for meeting those needs. DTs are technically different and serve different applications, yet they share a common identity and name, as well as several technical similarities. Adopting computer science terminology, we see a back-end city DT as the container of all information, while any single front-end, visualized or used either by humans or robots, offers a limited but meaningful representation of the DT for a specific application. Alas, there are multiple open questions regarding the realization and benefits of such back-end DT. Nevertheless, we discuss how the back-end DT (or any specific DT) could be updated autonomously from sensor data using artificial intelligence techniques, and how the front-ends could be used for large benefits to the entire city ecosystem.
中文翻译:
城市的数字孪生:服务城市需求的技术回顾
已发现数字孪生 (DT) 在制造、建筑和维护中很有用。让 DT 为城市服务,随之而来的问题是城市数字孪生应该包含哪些内容,应该如何编排以服务于城市的动态生态系统,以及如何提高城市的效率。我们赞同使用 DT 的主要优势是经济的普遍观点,例如,DT 可以改进活动计划,从而节省金钱和时间。但是它们对一个城市有什么用呢?我们不是将 DT 视为寻找待解决问题的解决方案,而是从城市需求开始。我们的方法是双重的。我们首先简要回顾一下满足某些特定需求的现有可能性,但请继续关注识别并尝试缩小日常城市功能产生的需求与可用于满足这些需求的最新 DT 技术之间的差距。DT 在技术上是不同的,服务于不同的应用程序,但它们具有共同的身份和名称,以及一些技术上的相似之处。采用计算机科学术语,我们将后端城市 DT 视为所有信息的容器,而任何单个前端,无论是由人类还是机器人可视化或使用,都为特定应用程序提供有限但有意义的 DT 表示。唉,关于这种后端 DT 的实现和好处还有多个悬而未决的问题。尽管如此,我们讨论了如何使用人工智能技术从传感器数据中自主更新后端 DT(或任何特定的 DT),