The objective of this study was to estimate all-cause, cardiopulmonary, and cancer mortality associations for long-term exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) and primary PM_2.5 components. We utilized high-resolution, national-scale exposure estimates for UFP (measured as particle number concentration; PNC) and three primary PM_2.5 components, namely black carbon (BC), traffic-emitted organic PM_2.5 (hereafter, hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols; HOA), and cooking-emitted organic PM_2.5 (cooking organic aerosols; COA). Two analytic cohorts were constructed from a nationally representative U.S. health survey. The larger cohort consisted of 617,997 adults with information on a broad set of individual-level risk factors; the smaller cohort was further restricted to those with information on physical activity (n = 396,470). In single-pollutant models, PNC was significantly associated with all-cause (larger cohort HR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.02, 1.04]; smaller cohort HR = 1.02, 95% CI [1.00, 1.04]) and cancer mortality (larger cohort HR = 1.05, 95% CI [1.02, 1.08]; smaller cohort HR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.02, 1.10]). In two-pollutant models, mortality associations varied based on co-pollutant adjustment; PNC mortality associations were generally robust to controlling for PM_10-2.5 and SO₂, but not PM_2.5. In contrast, we found some evidence that the HOA and COA mortality associations are independent of total PM_2.5 mass exposure. Nevertheless, PM_2.5 mass was the most robust predictor of air pollution related mortality, providing some support for current regulatory policies.

本研究的目的是评估长期接触超细颗粒物 (UFP) 和主要 PM _2.5成分与全因死亡率、心肺死亡率和癌症死亡率之间的关联。_{我们对 UFP（以粒子数浓度测量；PNC）和三种主要 PM 2.5}成分，即黑碳 (BC)、交通排放的有机 PM _2.5（以下简称碳氢化合物类有机气溶胶）进行了高分辨率、全国范围的暴露估计; HOA) 和烹饪排放的有机 PM _2.5（烹饪有机气溶胶；COA）。根据具有全国代表性的美国健康调查构建了两个分析队列。更大的队列由 617,997 名成年人组成，他们具有广泛的个人风险因素信息；较小的队列被进一步限制在那些有身体活动信息的人群中（n = 396,470）。在单一污染物模型中，PNC 与全因（较大队列 HR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.02, 1.04]；较小队列 HR = 1.02, 95% CI [1.00, 1.04]）和癌症死亡率（较大队列队列 HR = 1.05, 95% CI [1.02, 1.08]；较小队列 HR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.02, 1.10]）。在双污染物模型中，死亡率关联因共同污染物调整而异；PNC 死亡率关联通常对控制 PM _10-2.5和 SO _{2具有稳健性}, 但不是 PM _2.5。相比之下，我们发现一些证据表明 HOA 和 COA 死亡率关联独立于总 PM _2.5质量暴露。尽管如此，PM _2.5质量是空气污染相关死亡率最有力的预测指标，为当前的监管政策提供了一些支持。