A large-scale landslide in a deep valley often travels a long distance. The moving landslide debris impacts into the valley and interacts with the river and the opposite side of the valley. In the landslide movement process, energy, mass and momentum transfers inevitably take place. An in-depth study of energy and mass transfer mechanisms in various types of flow-like landslides will provide a scientific basis for developing energy criteria for evaluating landslide hazard chains and mitigation measures. In this study, a coupled DEM-ALE method is used to systematically evaluate the energy transfer mechanisms in landslides of various solid concentrations. The landslide dynamics involving river damming can be divided into three stages: the travel stage, the interaction stage, and the deposition stage. Kinetic energy is dominant in the travel stage but the frictional energy dissipation increases rapidly in the interaction stage. In the deposition stage, the kinetic energy changes to other energy components. The energy transfer mechanisms differ in different types of landslides. The kinetic energy of the fluid phase is mainly dissipated by viscosity shearing and turbulence, which is less efficient than internal and boundary frictional dissipations in the solid phase. The fraction of friction-dissipated energy increases with the solid concentration of the landslide mixture. Most of the remaining energy is dissipated by turbulence. Kinetic energy is the main energy transfer component during the landslide-river interaction. Flows of lower solid concentrations, e.g., debris flows, impact larger areas but are less likely to block a river.

深谷中的大规模滑坡往往会传播很远的距离。移动的滑坡碎片撞击山谷并与河流和山谷的另一侧相互作用。在滑坡运动过程中，不可避免地会发生能量、质量和动量的传递。深入研究各类流状滑坡的能量和传质机制，将为制定评估滑坡灾害链和减缓措施的能源标准提供科学依据。本研究采用耦合 DEM-ALE 方法系统评价各种固体浓度滑坡的能量传递机制。涉及河流筑坝的滑坡动力学可分为三个阶段：行进阶段、相互作用阶段和沉积阶段。动能在行驶阶段占主导地位，但在相互作用阶段摩擦能量耗散迅速增加。在沉积阶段，动能转变为其他能量成分。不同类型滑坡的能量传递机制不同。流体相的动能主要通过粘度剪切和湍流耗散，其效率低于固相中的内部和边界摩擦耗散。摩擦耗散能量的比例随着滑坡混合物的固体浓度而增加。大部分剩余能量被湍流耗散。动能是滑坡-河流相互作用过程中的主要能量传递成分。较低固体浓度的流动，例如泥石流，会影响更大的区域，但不太可能阻塞河流。