Based on the theory of New Economic of Labor Migration (NELM) and Induced Technological Change, this study takes 935 part-time households in the Loess Plateau region as the research object. The study analyzes the current situation of non-agricultural labor transfer and agricultural production, and describes the intrinsic relationship and mechanism of the action between non-agricultural labor transfer, factor allocation and farmland output-rate. The direct and indirect effects of non-agricultural labor transfer on unit farmland output are tested empirically through the mediating effect model and the moderating effect model, and the effectiveness of the mechanism of action is further tested using the moderated mediation model (Bootstrap). The empirical results show that non-agricultural labor transfer has significant and negative impact on farmland output. Moreover, labor-substituting factor inputs play a partially mediating role between non-agricultural labor transfer and farmland output-rate, with a mediating effect size of − 1.552, accounting for 53.073 % of the total effect. The findings also demonstrate that higher the proportion of slope cropland, the smaller the positive effect of labor substitute factor input on farmland output. Similarly, non-agricultural labor transfer has a significant and negative effect on farmland output for low-part-time peasants and cash crops, the negative effect on peasants participating in farmland transfer is not significant, and a larger negative effect on distant working peasants. Based on the above findings, this paper puts forward targeted policy recommendations for optimizing the allocation of agricultural factors and improving agricultural production efficiency, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for ensuring abundant grain production and agricultural harvest in the Loess Plateau region, lifting peasants out of poverty and increasing their income, and realizing the rural revitalization strategy.

本研究基于劳务迁移新经济（NELM）和技术变革理论，以黄土高原地区935户兼职家庭为研究对象。研究分析了非农劳动力转移与农业生产的现状，阐述了非农劳动力转移、要素配置与耕地产出率之间的内在关系和作用机制。通过中介效应模型和调节效应模型实证检验了非农劳动力转移对单位农田产出的直接和间接影响，并利用中介效应模型进一步检验了作用机制的有效性。中介模型（引导程序）。实证结果表明，非农劳动力转移对农田产出具有显着负向影响。此外，劳动力替代要素投入在非农劳动力转移与耕地产出率之间起部分中介作用，中介效应大小为-1.552，占总效应的53.073%。研究结果还表明，坡耕地比例越高，劳动力替代要素投入对耕地产出的正向影响越小。同样，非农劳动力转移对低兼职农民和经济作物的耕地产出具有显着负向影响，对参与农地转移的农民负向影响不显着，对远距离劳动农民负向影响更大。基于以上发现，