Isotopic signatures of anthropogenic sulfate sources within the Upper Silesian urban area (southern Poland) were investigated to increase the reliability of the origin assessment of groundwater contaminants. To analyze δ³⁴S and δ¹⁸O in sulfate, 64 samples were collected, representing several sulfate sources: synthetic and organic fertilizers, raw and treated wastewater, mine water, leachate from landfills, mine heaps, and industrial waste dumps. Additionally, 10 surface water samples were taken from contaminated rivers regarded as potential groundwater pollution sources. Results of δ³⁴S and δ¹⁸O in sulfate derived from anthropogenic sources were compared with literature data, which indicated significant discrepancies for some contamination sources. The results were applied to assess SO₄^2- origin in groundwater samples from the Gliwice aquifer. Apart from the δ³⁴S and δ¹⁸O data, the study included measurements of major ions, inorganic nitrogen forms, trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene in groundwater. Isotopic analyses of river water samples confirmed the impact of urbanized and industrialized areas on surface water pollution and possible influence on groundwater contamination. The values of δ³⁴S and δ¹⁸O similar to wastewater were reported for most groundwater samples from the Gliwice carbonate aquifer. Groundwater contamination was also manifested by higher values of electrical conductivity and concentrations of chloride, sodium, trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene. The comparison of recent isotopic data on SO₄^2- sources with literature values clearly shows that it is very important to investigate local potential contamination sources to increase their reliability in determining the source of groundwater or river water pollution.

研究了上西里西亚市区（波兰南部）内人为硫酸盐源的同位素特征，以提高地下水污染物来源评估的可靠性。为了分析硫酸盐中的 δ ³⁴ S 和 δ ¹⁸ O，收集了 64 个样本，代表了几种硫酸盐来源：合成和有机肥料、未处理和处理过的废水、矿井水、垃圾填埋场的渗滤液、矿堆和工业废物倾倒场。此外，还从被视为潜在地下水污染源的受污染河流中采集了 10 个地表水样本。δ ³⁴ S 和 δ ^18的结果将来自人为来源的硫酸盐中的 O 与文献数据进行了比较，这表明某些污染源存在显着差异。该结果用于评估Gliwice 含水层地下水样品中SO ₄ ^{2-的来源。}除了 δ ³⁴ S 和 δ ¹⁸ O 数据外，该研究还包括测量地下水中的主要离子、无机氮形式、三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯。河水样品的同位素分析证实了城市化和工业化地区对地表水污染的影响以及对地下水污染的可能影响。δ ³⁴ S 和 δ ^18的值据报道，来自格利维采碳酸盐含水层的大多数地下水样品中的 O 与废水相似。地下水污染还表现为较高的电导率值和氯化物、钠、三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯的浓度。_{近期 SO 4} ^2-源同位素数据与文献值的比较清楚地表明，调查当地潜在污染源以提高其确定地下水或河水污染源的可靠性非常重要。