Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have an increased risk of developing kidney involvement. Part of the risk establishes at the beginning of T1DM. In fact, up to 65% of children during T1DM onset may experience an acute kidney injury (AKI) which predisposes to the development of a later chronic kidney disease (CKD). The other part of the risk establishes during the following course of T1DM and could be related to a poor glycemic control and the subsequent development of diabetic kidney disease. In this review, we discuss the acute and chronic effects of T1DM on the kidneys, and the implications of these events on the long-term prognosis of kidney function.

患有 1 型糖尿病 (T1DM) 的儿童出现肾脏受累的风险增加。部分风险出现在 T1DM 初期。事实上，高达 65% 的儿童在 T1DM 发病期间可能会经历急性肾损伤 (AKI)，这会导致以后发展为慢性肾病 (CKD)。另一部分风险在随后的 T1DM 病程中出现，可能与血糖控制不佳和随后发生糖尿病肾病有关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 T1DM 对肾脏的急性和慢性影响，以及这些事件对肾功能长期预后的影响。