This research study examines the integration of wireless system and solar cells for detection and location of faults in power grids by implementing minimum number of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) after considering zero injection buses. A fault in the grid networks indicates a failure in the entire network that interfaces the normal flow of current which can be measured using wireless systems. The fault location in power grid is problematic because of high existence in several lateral tap-offs. In addition, the identification of exact location with presence of faults in the power system and severity of the faults are challenging tasks due to bulk and complex nature of the electrical power system state estimation. The major requirement of PMU placement approach is to find the minimum number of PMUs and their location with maximum wireless coverage under fault conditions with a prerequisite for the projected algorithm. The integrated algorithm is tested and validated for different fault conditions where the results are compared with different conventional methods using different optimization models such as heuristics, decision rules and mathematical programming where the outcomes proves to be much effective in terms of number of PMU installation for proper placements and detection, location in number of fault systems thus achieving 82% reliability using Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO).

本研究通过在考虑零注入总线后实施最少数量的相量测量单元 (PMU) 来检查无线系统和太阳能电池的集成，以检测和定位电网中的故障。电网网络中的故障表示整个网络中的故障，该网络与可以使用无线系统测量的正常电流流动相连接。电网中的故障定位是有问题的，因为在几个横向分接中存在很高。此外，由于电力系统状态估计的庞大和复杂性质，识别电力系统中存在故障和故障严重程度的确切位置是具有挑战性的任务。PMU 放置方法的主要要求是找到最小数量的 PMU 及其在故障条件下具有最大无线覆盖的位置，这是投影算法的先决条件。该集成算法针对不同的故障条件进行了测试和验证，其中结果与使用不同优化模型（例如启发式、决策规则和数学规划）的不同传统方法进行比较，结果证明在 PMU 安装数量方面非常有效放置和检测，定位故障系统的数量，从而使用 Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) 实现 82% 的可靠性。