The present meta-analysis tested for differences between security of attachment to mothers and fathers. We also analysed associations between security with mothers and fathers. A systematic search in electronic databases identified 95 studies on behavioural measures of attachment to both parents that were included in random-effects meta-analyses. Although security of attachment to fathers was significantly lower than security of attachment to mothers, mean-level differences were very small (g = −0.07). Differences were smaller if more intact families participated. There was a significant correlation of security with mothers and fathers (r = 0.32) and larger associations were found in studies with the Strange Situation rather than the Attachment Q-Set, in studies with older children, and in more recent studies. Further research is recommended on factors that explain observed correlations and mean-level differences.

中文翻译：

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对母亲和父亲的依恋安全感：关于行为测量的平均水平差异和相关性的荟萃分析

本荟萃分析测试了对母亲和父亲的依恋安全性之间的差异。我们还分析了安全感与母亲和父亲之间的关联。对电子数据库的系统搜索确定了 95 项关于对父母双方的依恋行为测量的研究，这些研究包括在随机效应荟萃分析中。尽管对父亲依恋的安全感明显低于对母亲依恋的安全感，但平均水平差异非常小 ( g  = −0.07)。如果有更多完整的家庭参与，差异会更小。安全感与母亲和父亲有显着相关性（r = 0.32)，并且在对陌生情境而非依恋 Q 集的研究、对年龄较大的儿童的研究以及最近的研究中发现了更大的关联。建议对解释观察到的相关性和平均水平差异的因素进行进一步研究。