Background

Atherosclerosis accounts for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aimed to explore the association between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), psycho-pharmacotherapy, and inflammatory markers along with other molecules related to atherosclerosis in bipolar disorder (BD).

Methods

The euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I) aged over 20 years were recruited to measure CIMT through ultrasound and the blood levels of lipid profiles, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNF-R1), soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, chitinase 3-like 1, endothelial adhesive proteins, and thrombin-antithrombin complex.

Results

Participants were 103 BD-I patients with mean 44.3 years old. The ratio of lithium exposure in relation to illness chronicity and the current daily dosage of lithium therapy exhibited an inverse relationship with CIMT in the entire sample. After controlling for age and BMI, multivariate regression indicated that a higher lithium level was significantly associated with decreased CIMT in the entire sample, high-risk (those with CVDs or endocrine diseases, N = 48), middle-risk (those without CVDs and endocrine diseases, N = 55), and low-risk (those aged <45 years in the middle-risk subgroup, N = 43) subgroups. Furthermore, higher levels of sTNF-R1 in the entire sample and high-risk subgroup and sIL-6R in the middle- and low-risk subgroups were statistically associated with greater CIMT.

Limitation

The age range was too wide to control for the effect of age on CIMT and medication.

Conclusions

Lithium exposure may be a protective factor for atherosclerosis progression in BD-I. The chronic inflammation in BD-I with activated macrophages and monocytes may link with the atherosclerosis development over time.

中文翻译：

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双相情感障碍中与动脉粥样硬化相关的锂暴露和活化巨噬细胞和单核细胞的慢性炎症

背景

动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病 (CVD) 的原因。本研究旨在探讨颈动脉内膜中层厚度 (CIMT)、心理药物治疗和炎症标志物以及与双相情感障碍 (BD) 中动脉粥样硬化相关的其他分子之间的关联。

方法

招募年龄在 20 岁以上的双相 I 型障碍 (BD-I) 正常患者通过超声测量 CIMT 和血脂水平、可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体 1 (sTNF-R1)、可溶性白细胞介素 6 受体 ( sIL-6R)、单核细胞趋化蛋白 1、几丁质酶 3 样 1、内皮粘附蛋白和凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物。

结果

参与者是 103 名 BD-I 患者，平均年龄 44.3 岁。在整个样本中，锂暴露与疾病慢性期的比率以及当前每日锂治疗剂量与 CIMT 呈反比关系。在控制了年龄和 BMI 后，多元回归表明较高的锂水平与整个样本中 CIMT 降低显着相关，高风险（患有 CVD 或内分泌疾病，N  = 48），中等风险（没有 CVD 和内分泌疾病，N  = 55）和低风险（中风险亚组中年龄<45岁，N = 43) 子组。此外，整个样本和高风险亚组中更高水平的 sTNF-R1 和中低风险亚组中更高水平的 sIL-6R 与更大的 CIMT 具有统计学相关性。

局限性

年龄范围太宽，无法控制年龄对 CIMT 和药物治疗的影响。

结论

锂暴露可能是 BD-I 中动脉粥样硬化进展的保护因素。BD-I 中具有活化巨噬细胞和单核细胞的慢性炎症可能与动脉粥样硬化随时间的发展有关。