Individuals prefer letter strings whose consonantal articulation spots move from the front of the mouth to the back (e.g., BAKA, inward) over those with a reversed consonant order (e.g., KABA, outward), the so-called in–out effect. The present research explores whether individuals hold an internal standard or scheme of consonant order that triggers this effect. If this were the case, the in–out effect should already occur in one-trial between-subjects designs. If not, the in–out effect should emerge over the course of trials in within-subjects designs. In Experiments 1a–e (1b–e preregistered; total N = 2973; German, English, and Portuguese samples) employing a one-trial between-subjects design, no in–out effect was found. In Experiment 2 (N = 253), employing within-subjects designs with either 1, 5, 10, 30, or 50 trials per consonant order category (inward vs. outward), the in–out effect was absent in the first trial, but already surfaced for the first 2 trials, reached significance within the first 10 trials and a solid plateau within the first 20 trials. Of the four theoretical explanations, the present evidence favors the fluency/frequency and letter-position accounts and is at odds with the eating-related embodiment and easy-first accounts.

人们更喜欢辅音发音点从嘴巴前部移动到后部（例如，BAKA，向内）的字母串，而不是那些具有相反辅音顺序（例如，KABA，向外）的字母串，即所谓的进出效应。本研究探讨了个人是否持有触发这种效应的内部标准或辅音顺序方案。如果是这种情况，输入输出效应应该已经出现在一个试验的受试者间设计中。如果不是，输入输出效应应该在受试者内设计的试验过程中出现。在实验 1a-e（1b-e 预注册；总N  = 2973；德语、英语和葡萄牙语样本）中采用单次试验受试者间设计，未发现输入输出效应。在实验 2 ( N = 253），采用受试者内设计，每个辅音顺序类别（向内与向外）进行 1、5、10、30 或 50 次试验，在第一次试验中不存在进-出效应，但在第一个试验中已经浮出水面前 2 次试验，在前 10 次试验中达到显着性，在前 20 次试验中达到稳定的平台。在四种理论解释中，目前的证据支持流利度/频率和字母位置的解释，与饮食相关的体现和先简单的解释不一致。