Abstract

Recently, transition metal carbide or nitride (MXene)-based nanomaterials have been broadly investigated as new photocatalysts and electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO₂ into valuable energy-rich fuels due to their unique properties such as rich surface chemistries, flexible morphologies, bandgap structures, considerable electrical conductivities, thermal stabilities, and significant specific surface areas. Nevertheless, only a few reviews have been reported on the application of MXenes or MXene-based nanomaterials as advanced photocatalysts and/or electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction, which do not cover new findings and the current development in the application of MXene-based nanomaterials for CO₂ reduction. Accordingly, herein, we present a comprehensive review of current findings on the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ by various MXene-based nanomaterials. Particularly, this review focuses on the (i) photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ by functionalized Ti₃C₂, TiO₂/Ti₃C₂, g-C₃N₄/Ti₃C₂, and other/Ti₃C₂ catalysts, (ii) electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction; (iii) CO₂ reduction associated with photothermal catalysis and hydrogenation, and (iv) stability of MXene-based photoelectrocatalysts. Additionally, we have briefly explored the challenges in the large-scale fabrication of MXene-based nanomaterials and proposed the future research prospects of MXene-based nanomaterials.

摘要

最近，基于过渡金属碳化物或氮化物 (MXene) 的纳米材料作为新型光催化剂和电催化剂被广泛研究，因为它们具有丰富的表面化学性质、灵活的形态、带隙结构等独特特性，可将CO 2 还原为有价值的高能_燃料、相当大的电导率、热稳定性和显着的比表面积。_{然而，关于 MXenes 或 MXene 基纳米材料作为先进光催化剂和/或电催化剂用于 CO 2}还原的应用的报道很少，没有涵盖 MXene 基纳米材料在用于 CO 2 还原方面的新发现和当前发展。二氧化碳_{_}减少。因此，在本文中，我们全面回顾了当前关于各种 MXene 基纳米材料光催化和电催化还原 CO _{2的发现。}特别是，这篇综述着重于 (i)功能化 Ti ₃ C ₂、TiO ₂ /Ti ₃ C ₂、gC ₃ N ₄ /Ti ₃ C ₂和其他/Ti ₃ C _{2催化剂对CO 2}的光催化还原，（ ii) 电催化CO ₂还原；(iii)_二氧化碳与光热催化和氢化相关的还原，以及 (iv) MXene 基光电催化剂的稳定性。此外，我们还简要探讨了大规模制造 MXene 基纳米材料的挑战，并提出了 MXene 基纳米材料的未来研究前景。