Since Mycoplasma genitalium was identified 40 years ago, much of the epidemiology has been described, diagnostic tests have been developed and approved, and recommended treatment approaches have been identified. However, the natural history remains incompletely understood, and antimicrobial resistance has rapidly increased. This review summarizes evidence published since the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2015 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. Data on sequelae remain insufficient, macrolide resistance is common, and fluoroquinolone resistance is increasing. Potential benefits of testing and treatment include resolving symptoms, interrupting transmission, and preventing sequelae. Potential harms include cost, patient anxiety, and increasing antimicrobial resistance.

自从40 年前鉴定出生殖支原体以来，已经描述了大部分流行病学，已经开发和批准了诊断测试，并且已经确定了推荐的治疗方法。然而，自然史仍不完全清楚，抗菌素耐药性迅速增加。本综述总结了自美国疾病控制和预防中心 2015 年性传播疾病治疗指南以来发表的证据。后遗症数据仍然不足，大环内酯类耐药常见，氟喹诺酮类耐药正在增加。检测和治疗的潜在好处包括解决症状、阻断传播和预防后遗症。潜在危害包括成本、患者焦虑和增加抗菌素耐药性。