Irisin is a muscle-secreted hormone that is generated by cleavage of membrane protein FNDC-5 (fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5). Irisin is considered to be a mediator of exercise-induced metabolic improvements, such as browning of white adipose tissue, and is known to alleviate several chronic non-metabolic diseases. Thus, irisin may be an ideal therapeutic target for metabolic and non-metabolic diseases. However, several controversies regarding irisin have hindered its clinical translation. We review the generation, regulation (especially in exercise), and metabolic as well as therapeutic effects of irisin on metabolic and non-metabolic diseases. Furthermore, we discuss controversies regarding irisin and highlight potential future research directions.

鸢尾素是一种肌肉分泌激素，由膜蛋白 FNDC-5（含纤连蛋白 III 型结构域的蛋白 5）裂解产生。鸢尾素被认为是运动诱导的代谢改善的介质，例如白色脂肪组织的褐变，并且已知可以缓解几种慢性非代谢疾病。因此，鸢尾素可能是代谢和非代谢疾病的理想治疗靶点。然而，关于鸢尾素的一些争议阻碍了其临床转化。我们回顾了鸢尾素对代谢和非代谢疾病的产生、调节（尤其是在运动中）和代谢以及治疗作用。此外，我们讨论了有关鸢尾素的争议，并强调了潜在的未来研究方向。