Based on the multi-body dynamics the three-dimensional train collision model including a more detailed coupler-buffer substructure is established in this paper. During the train collision, the dynamic responses of the coupler-buffer substructure are comprehensively analysed. Some key parameters, such as the coupler initial deflection angle, max-angle, plunger spring stiffness and buffer impedance force, are investigated and their effects on the train derailment are also evaluated. According to the simulation results it is indicated that at present the coupler-buffer device is designed mainly from the point of view of the normal operation condition. Compared with the normal operation, in the train collision condition the longitudinal impact force is so large that the coupler-buffer device reveals a very weak ability to anti-jackknifing. As a result, in most cases the coupler rotation angle is very large and equal to its designed max-angle. Under the effect of this large coupler rotation angle, the collided trains have a high risk to derail. The importance of the anti-jackknifing of the coupler and buffer device is illustrated in this paper, which has a great influence on the train collision safety and should not be neglected. In order to improve the safety against derailment, it is suggested to decrease the coupler’s max-angle and increase its plunger spring stiffness. Alternatively, a friction arc coupler yoke connection design is suggested to replace the current coupler yoke design.

基于多体动力学，本文建立了包括更详细的耦合器-缓冲器子结构的三维列车碰撞模型。在列车碰撞过程中，对车钩-缓冲器子结构的动力响应进行了综合分析。研究了耦合器初始偏转角、最大角度、柱塞弹簧刚度和缓冲阻抗力等关键参数，并评估了它们对列车脱轨的影响。仿真结果表明，目前耦合缓冲装置的设计主要是从正常工作条件的角度出发。与正常运行相比，在列车碰撞工况下，纵向冲击力过大，车钩缓冲装置的抗冲击能力很弱。因此，在大多数情况下，耦合器的旋转角度非常大，等于其设计的最大角度。在这个大的车钩旋转角度的作用下，相撞的列车有很高的脱轨风险。文中阐述了车钩缓冲装置防顶刀的重要性，它对列车碰撞安全有很大影响，不容忽视。为提高防脱轨的安全性，建议减小车钩最大角度，增加柱塞弹簧刚度。或者，建议使用摩擦弧耦合器轭连接设计来替代当前的耦合器轭设计。文中阐述了车钩缓冲装置防顶刀的重要性，它对列车碰撞安全有很大影响，不容忽视。为提高防脱轨的安全性，建议减小车钩最大角度，增加柱塞弹簧刚度。或者，建议使用摩擦弧耦合器轭连接设计来替代当前的耦合器轭设计。文中阐述了车钩缓冲装置防顶刀的重要性，它对列车碰撞安全有很大影响，不容忽视。为提高防脱轨的安全性，建议减小车钩最大角度，增加柱塞弹簧刚度。或者，建议使用摩擦弧耦合器轭连接设计来替代当前的耦合器轭设计。