Agronomy for Sustainable Development ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s13593-022-00772-w Maude Quinio, Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy, Laurence Guichard, Paola Salazar, Françoise Détienne
If the challenges involved in agroecological transition are to be addressed, cropping systems (CS) need to be changed profoundly, which in turn requires innovative design adapted to local conditions. This is however by no means an easy task since such design activity requires extensive knowledge on objects and processes rarely studied until now, most of which is distributed among numerous stakeholders. Since the 2000s, research on design in agriculture has aimed at developing participatory methods to support on-farm design of new systems, but few studies have focused on the elaboration of design-support tools. With a view to defining the features of tools intended to support the design of agroecology-oriented cropping systems, ergonomists recommended an analysis of the activities of the future users of these tools in their real work situations. We started out by implementing a diagnosis of use situations, based on observations of real collective design activities. To this end, we took part in six design workshops, which differed in terms of goals and of designers participating (i.e., farmers, advisors, students, or scientists). We first identified the diversity of features of these design situations, and then analyzed three processes across the design workshops: (i) the reformulation of the design goal; (ii) the large exploration of candidate solutions; and (iii) the local adaptation of these solutions while anticipating the on-field implementation. Here, we show, for the first time, the type of reasonings and knowledge that designers and facilitators displayed and used throughout the agroecological cropping system design process. We identify the features that future design-support tools should have to guide co-designers of agroecological CS. Such tools should promote several types of design reasoning and allow the development of external representations of the object under design. Our results provide operational guidelines for the elaboration of new design-support tools.
中文翻译:
分析面向农业生态的种植系统的协同设计:构建设计支持工具的经验教训
如果要解决农业生态转型所涉及的挑战,就需要彻底改变种植系统(CS),这反过来又需要适应当地条件的创新设计。然而,这绝不是一件容易的事,因为这样的设计活动需要对迄今为止很少研究的对象和过程的广泛了解,其中大部分分布在众多利益相关者之间。自 2000 年代以来,农业设计研究旨在开发参与式方法来支持新系统的农场设计,但很少有研究关注设计支持工具的详细说明。为了确定旨在支持以农业生态学为导向的种植系统设计的工具的特征,人体工程学专家建议对这些工具的未来用户在其实际工作情况下的活动进行分析。我们首先根据对实际集体设计活动的观察,对使用情况进行诊断。为此,我们参加了六个设计研讨会,这些研讨会的目标和参与的设计师(即农民、顾问、学生或科学家)各不相同。我们首先确定了这些设计情况的多样性特征,然后分析了整个设计研讨会的三个过程:(i)重新制定设计目标;(ii) 对候选解决方案的大量探索;(iii) 在预测现场实施的同时对这些解决方案进行本地调整。在这里,我们首次展示了设计师和促进者在整个农业生态种植系统设计过程中展示和使用的推理和知识类型。我们确定了未来设计支持工具应具备的特征,以指导农业生态 CS 的共同设计者。这样的工具应该促进几种类型的设计推理,并允许开发被设计对象的外部表示。我们的结果为制定新的设计支持工具提供了操作指南。