Introduction Fractures of the upper extremity are common traumatic injuries in children. Nerve lesions are a rare but typical complication of these fractures. Additional to physical, electrophysiological, and sonographic examinations, magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) can be used to assess the degree and exact localization of nerve damage. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of this examination technique for children and to test a proposed MRN classification of traumatic nerve injury according to Chhabra in a pediatric cohort.

Materials and Methods Pediatric patients undergoing MRN for traumatic nerve injury from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively identified. A total of 12 consecutive patients with sufficient clinical data, an MRN, and if available follow-up examination were enrolled and analyzed.

Results In 10 of 12 cases one or more nerve lesions could be identified by MRN using the classification proposed by Chhabra et al. MRN was used to assess nerve injuries, imaging results were compared with clinical course. Clinical follow-up examinations of 10 patients showed an overall good clinical recovery, even in one case with severe trauma and nerve surgery.

Conclusion MRN as a noninvasive procedure can help in the evaluation of nerve injury, especially for the identification of lower grade nerve damage and to objectify suspected nerve damage in case of uncertain clinical examination results; thus, can help in decision making whether surgical revision or conservative treatment is preferable.

简介 上肢骨折是儿童常见的外伤。神经损伤是这些骨折的罕见但典型的并发症。除了物理、电生理学和超声检查之外，磁共振神经成像 (MRN) 可用于评估神经损伤的程度和精确定位。这项回顾性研究的目的是评估这种检查技术对儿童的潜在作用，并在儿科队列中测试根据 Chhabra 提出的创伤性神经损伤 MRN 分类。

材料和方法 回顾性分析 2016 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月因创伤性神经损伤而接受 MRN 的儿科患者。共有 12 名具有足够临床数据、MRN 以及后续检查（如果有）的连续患者被纳入并进行分析。

结果 在 12 例病例中，有 10 例可以使用 Chhabra 等人提出的分类通过 MRN 识别出一种或多种神经病变。使用MRN评估神经损伤，将影像学结果与临床病程进行比较。10例患者的临床随访检查显示，其中1例患者经历了严重外伤和神经手术，总体临床恢复良好。

结论 MRN作为一种无创性检查，有助于神经损伤的评估，尤其是低级别神经损伤的识别，并在临床检查结果不确定的情况下客观化疑似神经损伤；因此，可以帮助决定手术修复还是保守治疗更可取。