To experimentally investigate the stability of underground excavations under dry–wet cycles and different fissure angles, several rock samples with prefabricated fissure angles were prepared and subjected to the coupled influence of dry–wet cycles and axial loading until failure. Results show that the rock strength is affected by the dry–wet cycles and fissure angle, thereby yielding the strength expression. Based on the characteristics of elastic and dissipation energy ratios, the energy evolution process of the rock samples is divided into the initial dissipation energy stage, stable dissipation energy–growth stage, dissipation energy–acceleration stage, and dissipation energy–surge stage. The sensitivity of the peak total energy and elastic strain energy of the rock samples to the fissure angle decreases as the number of dry–wet cycles increases. The difficulty degree of rock deformation and failure caused by energy exhibits a difficult–easy–difficult evolution characteristic as the fissure angle increases, while the evolution characteristic gradually weakens with an increase in the number of dry–wet cycles. The failure modes of the rock samples are controlled by the fissure angles and the dry–wet cycles. Tensile failure requires more energy than shear failure. As the number of dry–wet cycles increases, the elastic strain energy decreases, rock failure intensity weakens, and surface shedding reduces. The findings of this study provide a significant understanding of the instability and failure of underground rock engineering.

为了实验研究干湿循环和不同裂缝角度下地下开挖的稳定性，制备了几个具有预制裂缝角度的岩石样品，并经受干湿循环和轴向载荷的耦合影响直至破坏。结果表明，岩石强度受干湿循环和裂隙角度的影响，从而得到强度表达式。根据弹性和耗能比的特点，将岩样的能量演化过程分为初始耗能阶段、稳定耗能-增长阶段、耗能-加速阶段和耗能-激增阶段。岩石样品的峰值总能量和弹性应变能对裂隙角度的敏感性随着干湿循环次数的增加而降低。能量引起的岩石变形破坏难度随着裂隙角度的增大呈现出难-易-难演化特征，而随着干湿循环次数的增加演化特征逐渐减弱。岩石样品的破坏模式由裂缝角度和干湿循环控制。拉伸破坏比剪切破坏需要更多的能量。随着干湿循环次数的增加，弹性应变能降低，岩石破坏强度减弱，地表脱落减少。这项研究的结果为地下岩石工程的不稳定性和失效提供了重要的理解。能量引起的岩石变形破坏难度随着裂隙角度的增大呈现出难-易-难演化特征，而随着干湿循环次数的增加演化特征逐渐减弱。岩石样品的破坏模式由裂缝角度和干湿循环控制。拉伸破坏比剪切破坏需要更多的能量。随着干湿循环次数的增加，弹性应变能降低，岩石破坏强度减弱，地表脱落减少。这项研究的结果为地下岩石工程的不稳定性和失效提供了重要的理解。能量引起的岩石变形破坏难度随着裂隙角度的增大呈现出难-易-难演化特征，而随着干湿循环次数的增加演化特征逐渐减弱。岩石样品的破坏模式由裂缝角度和干湿循环控制。拉伸破坏比剪切破坏需要更多的能量。随着干湿循环次数的增加，弹性应变能降低，岩石破坏强度减弱，地表脱落减少。这项研究的结果为地下岩石工程的不稳定性和失效提供了重要的理解。而随着干湿循环次数的增加，演化特征逐渐减弱。岩石样品的破坏模式由裂缝角度和干湿循环控制。拉伸破坏比剪切破坏需要更多的能量。随着干湿循环次数的增加，弹性应变能降低，岩石破坏强度减弱，地表脱落减少。这项研究的结果为地下岩石工程的不稳定性和失效提供了重要的理解。而随着干湿循环次数的增加，演化特征逐渐减弱。岩石样品的破坏模式由裂缝角度和干湿循环控制。拉伸破坏比剪切破坏需要更多的能量。随着干湿循环次数的增加，弹性应变能降低，岩石破坏强度减弱，地表脱落减少。这项研究的结果为地下岩石工程的不稳定性和失效提供了重要的理解。岩石破坏强度减弱，地表脱落减少。这项研究的结果为地下岩石工程的不稳定性和失效提供了重要的理解。岩石破坏强度减弱，地表脱落减少。这项研究的结果为地下岩石工程的不稳定性和失效提供了重要的理解。