Fisheries management is essential to guarantee sustainable capture of target species and avoid undesirable declines of incidentally captured species. A key challenge is halting and reversing declines of shark and ray species, and specifically assessing the degree to which management is sufficient to avoid declines in relatively data-poor fisheries. While ecological risk analyses focus on intrinsic ‘productivity’ and extrinsic ‘susceptibility’, one would ideally consider the influence of ‘fisheries management’. Currently, there is no single management evaluation that can be applied to a combination of fishery types at the scale of individual country or Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs). Here, we outline a management-risk (M-Risk) framework for sharks, rays and chimaeras used to evaluate species' risk of overfishing resulting from ineffective management. We illustrate our approach with application to one country (Ecuador) and RFMO (Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission) and illustrate the variation in scores among species. We found that while both management units assessed had similar overall scores, the scores for individual attributes varied. Ecuador scored higher in reporting-related attributes, while the IATTC scored higher in attributes related to data collection and use. We evaluated whether the management of individual species was sufficient for their relative sensitivity by combining the management-risk score for each species with their intrinsic sensitivity to determine a final M-Risk score. This framework can be applied to determine which species face the greatest risk of overfishing and be used by fisheries managers to identify effective management policies by replicating regulations from countries with lower risk scores.

中文翻译：

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M-Risk：评估鲨鱼、鳐鱼和嵌合体全球渔业管理效能的框架

渔业管理对于保证目标物种的可持续捕捞和避免意外捕捞物种的不良衰退至关重要。一个关键的挑战是阻止和扭转鲨鱼和鳐鱼物种的衰退，特别是评估管理足以避免相对缺乏数据的渔业衰退的程度。虽然生态风险分析侧重于内在的“生产力”和外在的“敏感性”，但理想情况下应该考虑“渔业管理”的影响。目前，没有单一的管理评估可以应用于单个国家或区域渔业管理组织（RFMO）规模的渔业类型组合。在这里，我们概述了用于评估物种的鲨鱼、鳐鱼和嵌合体的管理风险 (M-Risk) 框架。管理不善导致过度捕捞的风险。我们通过对一个国家（厄瓜多尔）和 RFMO（美洲热带金枪鱼委员会）的应用来说明我们的方法，并说明物种之间得分的差异。我们发现，虽然评估的两个管理单位的总体得分相似，但各个属性的得分各不相同。厄瓜多尔在与报告相关的属性方面得分较高，而 IATTC 在与数据收集和使用相关的属性方面得分较高。我们通过将每个物种的管理风险评分与其内在敏感性相结合来确定最终的 M 风险评分，评估单个物种的管理是否足以满足其相对敏感性。