Building-integrated photovoltaics is a crucial technology for developing zero-energy buildings and sustainable cities, while great efforts are required to make photovoltaic (PV) panels aesthetically pleasing. This places an urgent demand on PV colorization technology that has a low impact on power conversion efficiency (PCE) and is simultaneously mass-producible at a low cost. To address this challenge, this study contributes a colorization strategy for solar PVs based on short-range correlated dielectric microspheres, i.e., photonic glass. Through theoretical studies, first we demonstrate that the photonic glass self-assembled by high-index microspheres could enable both colored solar cells and modules, with easily variable colors and negligible parasitic absorption. By a fast spray coating process of colloidal monodisperse ZnS microspheres, we show the photonic glass layer could be easily deposited on silicon solar cells, enabling them to have structural colors. Through varying microsphere sizes, solar cells with different colors are achieved, showing low PCE loss compared to normal black cells. These colored solar cells are also encapsulated with a general lamination process to produce PV modules with various colors and patterns at a stunning PCE approaching 21%. Moreover, the long-term stability is subsequently verified by aging tests including an outdoor exposure for 10 days and a damp-heat test for 1000 h, and the mass producibility is demonstrated by presenting a colored PV panel with an output power over 108 W. These results confirm photonic glass as a promising strategy for colored PVs possessing high efficiency and practical applicability.

中文翻译：

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自组装光子玻璃实现高效、可批量生产和彩色太阳能光伏发电

光伏建筑一体化是发展零能耗建筑和可持续城市的关键技术，同时还需要付出巨大努力才能使光伏 (PV) 面板美观。这就迫切需要对功率转换效率（PCE）影响小，同时能够以低成本大量生产的光伏着色技术。为了应对这一挑战，本研究提出了一种基于短程相关介电微球i的太阳能 PV 着色策略。电子., 光子玻璃。通过理论研究，我们首先证明了由高折射率微球自组装的光子玻璃可以实现彩色太阳能电池和组件，具有易于变化的颜色和可忽略的寄生吸收。通过胶体单分散 ZnS 微球的快速喷涂工艺，我们展示了光子玻璃层可以很容易地沉积在硅太阳能电池上，使它们具有结构颜色。通过改变微球尺寸，可以获得不同颜色的太阳能电池，与普通黑色电池相比，PCE 损失较低。这些彩色太阳能电池还采用一般层压工艺进行封装，以惊人的接近 21% 的 PCE 生产具有各种颜色和图案的光伏组件。而且，