Preschoolers' temperament characteristics are associated with children's long-term development. Such links underscore the importance of understanding factors that shape temperament during preschool. This is the first study to examine genetic and environmental sources of developmental growth in three temperament dimensions: surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control, during the preschool period.

中文翻译：

---

遗传和环境对学龄前气质发展的影响

学龄前儿童的气质特征与孩子的长远发展息息相关。这些联系强调了理解影响学龄前气质的因素的重要性。这是第一项在学龄前时期从三个气质维度检查发育增长的遗传和环境来源的研究：激增、消极情感和努力控制。