Calcium and manganese transporters play important roles in regulating Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺ homeostasis in cells, which is necessary for the normal physiological activities of eukaryotes. Gdt1 and Pmr1 function as calcium/manganese transporters in the Golgi apparatus. However, the functions of Gdt1 and Pmr1 have not been previously characterized in the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. Here, we identified and characterized the biological functions of FgGdt1 and FgPmr1 in F. graminearum. Our study shows that FgGdt1 and FgPmr1 are both localized to the cis- and medial-Golgi. Disruption of FgGdt1 or FgPmr1 in F. graminearum caused serious defects in vegetative growth, conidiation, sexual development and significantly decreased virulence in wheat but increased deoxynivalenol (DON) production. Importantly, FgGdt1 is involved in Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺ homeostasis and the severe phenotypic defects of the ΔFggdt1 mutant were largely due to loss of FgGdt1 function in Mn²⁺ transportation. FgGdt1-mCherry colocalizes with FgPmr1-GFP at the Golgi, and FgGDT1 exerts its biological function upstream of FgPMR1. Taken together, our results collectively demonstrate that the cis- and medial-Golgi-localized proteins FgGdt1 and FgPmr1 regulate Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺ homeostasis of the Golgi apparatus, and this function is important in modulating the growth, development, DON biosynthesis and pathogenicity of F. graminearum.

中文翻译：

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高尔基体定位的钙/锰转运蛋白 FgGdt1 和 FgPmr1 通过维持禾谷镰刀菌中的 Ca2+ 和 Mn2+ 稳态来调节真菌的发育和毒力

^{钙锰转运蛋白在调节细胞内Ca 2+}和Mn ²⁺稳态中发挥重要作用，这是真核生物正常生理活动所必需的。Gdt1 和 Pmr1 在高尔基体中充当钙/锰转运蛋白。然而，Gdt1 和 Pmr1 的功能之前尚未在植物病原真菌禾谷镰刀菌中进行表征。在这里，我们鉴定并表征了 FgGdt1 和 FgPmr1 在F中的生物学功能。禾本科植物。我们的研究表明 FgGdt1 和 FgPmr1 都定位于顺式和内侧高尔基体。F中 FgGdt1 或 FgPmr1 的中断。禾谷镰刀菌引起营养生长、分生孢子、有性发育的严重缺陷，并显着降低小麦的毒力，但增加了脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 的产量。重要的是，FgGdt1 参与 Ca ²⁺和 Mn ²⁺稳态，Δ Fggdt1突变体的严重表型缺陷主要是由于 FgGdt1 在 Mn ²⁺运输中的功能丧失。FgGdt1-mCherry 与 FgPmr1-GFP 在高尔基体共定位，FgGDT1 在FgPMR1上游发挥其生物学功能。总之，我们的结果共同证明了顺式和内侧高尔基体定位蛋白 FgGdt1 和 FgPmr1 调节 Ca高尔基体的²⁺和 Mn ^{2+稳态，该功能在调节}F的生长、发育、DON 生物合成和致病性方面很重要。禾本科植物。