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Insights into innate immune activation via PS-ASO–protein–TLR9 interactions
Nucleic Acids Research ( IF 14.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 , DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac618
Adam J Pollak 1 , Luyi Zhao 1 , Timothy A Vickers 1 , Ian J Huggins 1 , Xue-Hai Liang 1 , Stanley T Crooke 1
Affiliation  

Non-CpG PS-ASOs can activate the innate immune system, leading to undesired outcomes. This response can vary—in part—as a function of 2′modifications and sequence. Here we investigated the molecular steps involved in the varied effects of PS-ASOs on the innate immune system. We found that pro-inflammatory PS-ASOs require TLR9 signaling based on the experimental systems used. However, the innate immunity of PS-ASOs does not correlate with their binding affinity with TLR9. Furthermore, the innate immune responses of pro-inflammatory PS-ASOs were reduced by coincubation with non-inflammatory PS-ASOs, suggesting that both pro-inflammatory and non-inflammatory PS-ASOs can interact with TLR9. We show that the kinetics of the PS-ASO innate immune responses can vary, which we speculate may be due to the existence of alternative PS-ASO binding sites on TLR9, leading to full, partial, or no activation of the pathway. In addition, we found that several extracellular proteins, including HMGB1, S100A8 and HRG, enhance the innate immune responses of PS-ASOs. Reduction of the binding affinity by reducing the PS content of PS-ASOs decreased innate immune responses, suggesting that PS-ASO–protein complexes may be sensed by TLR9. These findings thus provide critical information concerning how PS-ASOs can interact with and activate TLR9.

中文翻译:

通过 PS-ASO-蛋白质-TLR9 相互作用了解先天免疫激活

非 CpG PS-ASO 可以激活先天免疫系统,导致不良结果。这种反应可以部分地随着 2' 修饰和序列的变化而变化。在这里,我们研究了 PS-ASO 对先天免疫系统的不同影响所涉及的分子步骤。我们发现,基于所使用的实验系统,促炎 PS-ASO 需要 TLR9 信号传导。然而,PS-ASOs 的先天免疫与它们与 TLR9 的结合亲和力无关。此外,促炎性 PS-ASO 的先天免疫反应通过与非炎性 PS-ASO 共孵育而降低,这表明促炎性和非炎性 PS-ASO 都可以与 TLR9 相互作用。我们表明 PS-ASO 先天免疫反应的动力学可以变化,我们推测这可能是由于 TLR9 上存在替代的 PS-ASO 结合位点,导致该途径完全、部分或不激活。此外,我们发现几种细胞外蛋白,包括 HMGB1、S100A8 和 HRG,可增强 PS-ASO 的先天免疫反应。通过降低 PS-ASO 的 PS 含量来降低结合亲和力会降低先天免疫反应,这表明 TLR9 可以感知 PS-ASO-蛋白质复合物。因此,这些发现提供了有关 PS-ASO 如何与 TLR9 相互作用和激活 TLR9 的关键信息。通过降低 PS-ASO 的 PS 含量来降低结合亲和力会降低先天免疫反应,这表明 TLR9 可以感知 PS-ASO-蛋白质复合物。因此,这些发现提供了有关 PS-ASO 如何与 TLR9 相互作用和激活 TLR9 的关键信息。通过降低 PS-ASO 的 PS 含量来降低结合亲和力会降低先天免疫反应,这表明 TLR9 可以感知 PS-ASO-蛋白质复合物。因此,这些发现提供了有关 PS-ASO 如何与 TLR9 相互作用和激活 TLR9 的关键信息。
更新日期:2022-07-18
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