Hydraulic shovel is widely used in mining industry around the world for materials excavation and loading. The mechanical design of hydraulic shovel remains a challenging optimization problem. To address this issue, we establish the many-objective optimization model of a new type hydraulic shovel named TriRocker. An improved reference points-based many-objective differential evolution algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem which outperforms twelve state-of-the-art multi-objective and many-objective evolutionary algorithms in the case study. Then the most satisfactory solution is chosen from the obtained non-dominated solutions by a multicriteria decision-making method. Based on the selected solution, a wonderful design of TriRocker hydraulic shovel is obtained. Furthermore, a marketable prototype of 85-ton TriRocker hydraulic shovel is developed by the proposed optimization method. The result demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the many-objective evolutionary algorithm and multicriteria decision-making method in solving the optimization problem of hydraulic shovel.

液压铲在世界各地的采矿业中广泛用于物料的挖掘和装载。液压铲的机械设计仍然是一个具有挑战性的优化问题。针对这一问题，我们建立了一种名为TriRocker的新型液压挖掘机的多目标优化模型。提出了一种改进的基于参考点的多目标差分进化算法来解决优化问题，该算法在案例研究中优于十二种最先进的多目标和多目标进化算法。然后通过多准则决策方法从得到的非支配解中选出最满意的解。基于选定的解决方案，获得了 TriRocker 液压挖掘机的精彩设计。此外，采用所提出的优化方法开发了一款可销售的 85 吨 TriRocker 液压挖掘机样机。结果证明了多目标进化算法和多准则决策方法在解决液压挖掘机优化问题中的可行性和有效性。