Arctic lakes are an essential element of the environment. This study inventoried and classified lakes on three of the Svalbard Islands (Spitsbergen, Barentsøya, and Edgeøya) using Sentinel-2 images. The Forel-Ule color index (FUI) was employed to measure the lake's color, and a new equation to calculate the concentration of suspended sediment using satellite images was developed and tested using measurements from coastal waters. These two measures, plus the normalized difference vegetation index for vegetation on the lakeshore, and the lakes' location were used for clustering and classification. More than 1000 natural lakes were found on the three Svalbard islands. Nearly 80 % of these were smaller than 0.01 km² (1 ha), with the largest a few km² in area. Lake distribution analysis identified six zones of increased lake density, five of which were located along the western coast of Spitsbergen. The FUI was thus demonstrated to be useful for the monitoring of Arctic lakes. The K-means clustering results and analysis of the spectral signatures divided the lakes into seven classes: clear water, moderately clear water, tundra, coastal tundra, meltwater, extreme meltwater, and supraglacial lakes. Meltwater and clear water lakes were the two most common types, accounting for about 80 % of the total lake area.

北极湖泊是环境的重要组成部分。本研究使用 Sentinel-2 图像对斯瓦尔巴群岛的三个（斯匹次卑尔根岛、巴伦支岛和埃奇岛）的湖泊进行了清点和分类。使用 Forel-Ule 颜色指数 (FUI) 来测量湖泊的颜色，并开发了一个使用卫星图像计算悬浮沉积物浓度的新方程，并使用沿海水域的测量值进行了测试。这两个措施，加上湖岸植被的归一化差异植被指数，以及湖泊的位置，用于聚类和分类。在三个斯瓦尔巴群岛上发现了 1000 多个天然湖泊。其中近 80% 小于 0.01 km ² (1 ha)，最大的为几 km ²在地区。湖泊分布分析确定了六个湖泊密度增加的区域，其中五个位于斯匹次卑尔根岛西海岸。因此，FUI 被证明可用于监测北极湖泊。K-means聚类结果和光谱特征分析将湖泊分为七类：清水、中清水、苔原、沿海苔原、融水、极端融水和冰上湖泊。融水湖和清水湖是最常见的两种类型，约占湖泊总面积的80%。