Although searches for dark matter have lasted for decades, no convincing signal has been found without ambiguity in underground detections, cosmic ray observations, and collider experiments. We show by example that gravitational wave (GW) observations can be a supplement to dark matter detections if the production of dark matter follows a strong first-order cosmological phase transition. We explore this possibility in a complex singlet extension of the standard model with CP symmetry. We demonstrate three benchmarks in which the GW signals from the first-order phase transition are loud enough for future space-based GW observations, for example, BBO, U-DECIGO, LISA, Taiji, and TianQin. While satisfying the constraints from the XENON1T experiment and the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray observations, the dark matter candidate with its mass around ∼1 TeV in these scenarios has a correct relic abundance obtained by the Planck observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation.

尽管对暗物质的搜索已经持续了几十年，但在地下探测、宇宙射线观测和对撞机实验中，还没有发现任何令人信服的信号。我们通过示例表明，如果暗物质的产生遵循强大的一阶宇宙相变，则引力波 (GW) 观测可以作为暗物质探测的补充。我们在具有 CP 对称性的标准模型的复杂单线态扩展中探索了这种可能性。我们展示了三个基准，其中来自一阶相变的 GW 信号对于未来的空间 GW 观测来说足够响亮，例如 BBO、U-DECIGO、LISA、Taiji 和 TianQin。在满足 XENON1T 实验和 Fermi-LAT 伽马射线观测的约束条件下，