ABSTRACT

Countercurrent Chromatography (CCC), a form of liquid–liquid chromatography, is an efficient preparative purification technique used for purifying active natural compounds, specifically those present in plants. The CCC technique relies on the use of a suitable solvent system that can be chosen from diverse solvent options. The solvents, spanning a large polarity range and selected from different solvent families, are used for compound separation. The solvent system selection procedure is laborious and time-consuming. Different strategies, which can help simplify the method of analytical method development, have been proposed over the past 30 years. Herein, the solvent system selection strategies for the conventional CCC and pH-zone-refining CCC techniques, based on partition coefficient measurement, theoretical modeling or mathematical calculation, have been comprehensively reviewed, focusing on the operation procedures. This review aims to address the difficulties faced during the CCC experiments and provide guidelines that can help develop a highly efficient and simple CCC solvent system.

摘要

逆流色谱 (CCC) 是液-液色谱的一种形式，是一种有效的制备纯化技术，用于纯化活性天然化合物，特别是植物中存在的活性化合物。CCC 技术依赖于使用合适的溶剂系统，可以从多种溶剂选项中进行选择。这些溶剂具有较大的极性范围，选自不同的溶剂系列，用于化合物分离。溶剂系统的选择过程既费力又费时。过去 30 年来，人们提出了不同的策略，有助于简化分析方法的开发。在此，基于分配系数测量、理论建模或数学计算的传统 CCC 和 pH 区精炼 CCC 技术的溶剂系统选择策略，全面审查，重点关注操作程序。本综述旨在解决 CCC 实验过程中面临的困难，并提供有助于开发高效且简单的 CCC 溶剂系统的指南。