Adsorption of uremic solutes to activated carbon provides a potential means to limit dialysate volumes required for new dialysis systems. The ability of activated carbon to take up uremic solutes has, however, not been adequately assessed.

Graded volumes of waste dialysate collected from clinical hemodialysis treatments were passed through activated carbon blocks. Metabolomic analysis assessed the adsorption by activated carbon of a wide range of uremic solutes. Additional experiments tested the ability of the activated carbon to increase the clearance of selected solutes at low dialysate flow rates.

Activated carbon initially adsorbed the majority, but not all, of 264 uremic solutes examined. Solute adsorption fell, however, as increasing volumes of dialysate were processed. Moreover, activated carbon added some uremic solutes to the dialysate, including methylguanidine. Activated carbon was particularly effective in adsorbing uremic solutes that bind to plasma proteins. In vitro dialysis experiments showed that introduction of activated carbon into the dialysate stream increased the clearance of the protein-bound solutes indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate by 77%±12% (mean±SD) and 73%±12%, respectively, at a dialysate flow rate of 200 ml/min, but had a much lesser effect on the clearance of the unbound solute phenylacetylglutamine.

Activated carbon adsorbs many but not all uremic solutes. Introduction of activated carbon into the dialysate stream increased the clearance of those solutes that it does adsorb.

活性炭对尿毒症溶质的吸附提供了限制新透析系统所需透析液体积的潜在方法。然而，活性炭吸收尿毒症溶质的能力尚未得到充分评估。

从临床血液透析治疗中收集的分级体积的废透析液通过活性炭块。代谢组学分析评估了活性炭对多种尿毒症溶质的吸附。其他实验测试了活性炭在低透析液流速下增加所选溶质清除率的能力。

活性炭最初吸附了所检测的 264 种尿毒症溶质中的大部分（但不是全部）。然而，随着透析液处理量的增加，溶质吸附量下降。此外，活性炭向透析液中添加了一些尿毒症溶质，包括甲基胍。活性炭在吸附与血浆蛋白结合的尿毒症溶质方面特别有效。体外透析实验表明，将活性炭引入透析液流中，蛋白质结合溶质硫酸吲哚酚和硫酸对甲酚的清除率分别提高了 77%±12%（平均值±SD）和 73%±12%，透析液流速为 200 ml/min，但对未结合溶质苯乙酰谷氨酰胺的清除影响要小得多。

活性炭可吸附许多但不是所有的尿毒症溶质。将活性炭引入透析液流中增加了其吸附的溶质的清除率。