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A Bilayer Scalable Nakamoto Consensus Protocol for Blockchain Systems
IEEE NETWORK ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-13 , DOI: 10.1109/mnet.103.2100339
Zhenzhen Jiao, Rui Tian, Dezhong Shang, Hui Ding, Baoxian Zhang, Cheng Li

How to simultaneously achieve high security level, good scalability, and full decentralization is still a big issue in the design of a blockchain system. In this article, we propose Bicomp, a bilayer, scalable Nakamoto consensus protocol that is based purely on decentralized Nakamoto consensus. Bicomp works to generate two types of blocks - microblocks for concurrent in-network transaction serialization and macroblocks for chain formation. A leader is elected at the beginning of each round through Proof of Work-based computation; it puts microblocks mined by different nodes into one macroblock at the end of its tenure. Such bilayer design limits a leader's power and encourages as many nodes as possible to concurrently participate in the transaction serialization process, promoting the sharding nature of the system. Furthermore, several mechanisms are elaborately designed to reduce the transaction overlapping and further limit a leader's power, including a novel transaction diversity-based metric for deciding the branch legality. Security issues and potential attacks to Bicomp are extensively discussed. Experimental results based on 500 nodes all over the world show that Bicomp achieves high throughput performance.

中文翻译:

用于区块链系统的双层可扩展 Nakamoto 共识协议

如何同时实现高安全性、良好的可扩展性和完全去中心化仍然是区块链系统设计中的一个大问题。在本文中,我们提出了 Bicomp,这是一种双层、可扩展的 Nakamoto 共识协议,它完全基于去中心化的 Nakamoto 共识。Bicomp 致力于生成两种类型的块 - 用于并发网络内交易序列化的微块和用于链形成的宏块。领导者在每轮开始时通过基于工作证明的计算选出;它在任期结束时将不同节点挖掘的微块放入一个宏块中。这种双层设计限制了领导者的权力,并鼓励尽可能多的节点同时参与交易序列化过程,促进了系统的分片性质。此外,精心设计了几种机制来减少交易重叠并进一步限制领导者的权力,包括用于确定分支合法性的基于交易多样性的新颖指标。对 Bicomp 的安全问题和潜在攻击进行了广泛讨论。基于全球 500 个节点的实验结果表明,Bicomp 实现了高吞吐性能。
更新日期:2022-07-15
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