From vaccination refusal to climate change denial, antiscience views are threatening humanity. When different individuals are provided with the same piece of scientific evidence, why do some accept whereas others dismiss it? Building on various emerging data and models that have explored the psychology of being antiscience, we specify four core bases of key principles driving antiscience attitudes. These principles are grounded in decades of research on attitudes, persuasion, social influence, social identity, and information processing. They apply across diverse domains of antiscience phenomena. Specifically, antiscience attitudes are more likely to emerge when a scientific message comes from sources perceived as lacking credibility; when the recipients embrace the social membership or identity of groups with antiscience attitudes; when the scientific message itself contradicts what recipients consider true, favorable, valuable, or moral; or when there is a mismatch between the delivery of the scientific message and the epistemic style of the recipient. Politics triggers or amplifies many principles across all four bases, making it a particularly potent force in antiscience attitudes. Guided by the key principles, we describe evidence-based counteractive strategies for increasing public acceptance of science.

中文翻译：

---

为什么人们反科学，我们能做些什么呢？

从拒绝接种疫苗到否认气候变化，反科学观点正在威胁着人类。当向不同的人提供相同的科学证据时，为什么有些人接受而另一些人拒绝呢？基于探索反科学心理的各种新兴数据和模型，我们指定了驱动反科学态度的关键原则的四个核心基础。这些原则基于数十年来对态度、说服力、社会影响、社会认同和信息处理的研究。它们适用于反科学现象的不同领域。具体而言，当科学信息来自被认为缺乏可信度的来源时，更有可能出现反科学态度；当接受者接受具有反科学态度的群体的社会成员资格或身份时；当科学信息本身与接受者认为真实、有利、有价值或道德的东西相矛盾时；或者当科学信息的传递与接收者的认知风格不匹配时。政治触发或放大了所有四个基础中的许多原则，使其成为反科学态度中特别强大的力量。在关键原则的指导下，我们描述了以证据为基础的对抗策略，以提高公众对科学的接受度。