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Oxidative stress, aging, antioxidant supplementation and their impact on human health: An overview
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111707
Giovanni Martemucci 1 , Piero Portincasa 2 , Agostino Di Ciaula 2 , Michele Mariano 3 , Vincenzo Centonze 2 , Angela Gabriella D'Alessandro 1
Affiliation  

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue and organ function due to genetic and environmental factors, nutrition, and lifestyle. Oxidative stress is one the most important mechanisms of cellular senescence and increased frailty, resulting in several age-linked, noncommunicable diseases. Contributing events include genomic instability, telomere shortening, epigenetic mechanisms, reduced proteome homeostasis, altered stem-cell function, defective intercellular communication, progressive deregulation of nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic unbalance. These complex events and their interplay can be modulated by dietary habits and the ageing process, acting as potential measures of primary and secondary prevention. Promising nutritional approaches include the Mediterranean diet, the intake of dietary antioxidants, and the restriction of caloric intake. A comprehensive understanding of the ageing processes should promote new biomarkers of risk or diagnosis, but also beneficial treatments oriented to increase lifespan.



中文翻译:

氧化应激、衰老、抗氧化剂补充剂及其对人类健康的影响:概述

衰老的特征是由于遗传和环境因素、营养和生活方式导致的组织和器官功能逐渐丧失。氧化应激是细胞衰老和增加脆弱性的最重要机制之一,可导致多种与年龄相关的非传染性疾病。促成事件包括基因组不稳定性、端粒缩短、表观遗传机制、蛋白质组稳态降低、干细胞功能改变、细胞间通讯缺陷、营养感知逐渐失调、线粒体功能障碍和代谢失衡。这些复杂的事件及其相互作用可以通过饮食习惯和衰老过程来调节,作为一级和二级预防的潜在措施。有希望的营养方法包括地中海饮食、摄入膳食抗氧化剂、以及热量摄入的限制。对衰老过程的全面了解应该促进新的风险或诊断生物标志物,以及旨在延长寿命的有益治疗。

更新日期:2022-07-15
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