Mastitis is one of the most important diseases of dairy cattle. It is an infectious disease leading to an inflammatory reaction in the cow's mammary gland. Escherichia coli is one of the common bacteria which induce mastitis in cows. The aim of this study was to identify key genes and potential pathways associated with mastitis induced by E. coli in dairy cattle using bioinformatics analysis. The gene expression profile of ten samples including five adjacent tissues from a quarter infected with Escherichia coli and five tissues from a healthy quarter of dairy cattle was assessed using GEO2R. Gene ontology and pathway analysis were performed using bioinformatics tools. A total of 156 differentially expressed genes were detected which 95 genes were upregulated and 61 genes were downregulated in adjacent tissue of quarter infected compared with healthy tissue. Cellular oxidant detoxification and oxidation–reduction process were the most significant biological process terms in gene ontology analysis. The most important pathways of DEGs were the biosynthesis of amino acids, p53 signaling pathway, and Metabolic pathways. Three important modules were identified and their path enrichment analysis was performed. There are 10 core genes, among which SOD2, COL1A2, COL3A1, POSTN, ALDH18A1, and CBS may be the main genes associated with mastitis, which can be considered as candidate genes in the prevention and carly diagnosis program of mastitis.

乳腺炎是奶牛最主要的疾病之一。它是一种导致奶牛乳腺炎症反应的传染病。大肠杆菌是引起奶牛乳腺炎的常见细菌之一。本研究的目的是使用生物信息学分析确定与大肠杆菌在奶牛中诱导的乳腺炎相关的关键基因和潜在途径。十个样本的基因表达谱，包括来自四分之一感染大肠杆菌的五个相邻组织使用 GEO2R 评估了四分之一健康奶牛的五种组织。使用生物信息学工具进行基因本体论和通路分析。与健康组织相比，四分之一感染的邻近组织共检测到156个差异表达基因，其中95个基因上调，61个基因下调。细胞氧化剂解毒和氧化还原过程是基因本体分析中最重要的生物过程术语。DEG最重要的通路是氨基酸的生物合成、p53信号通路和代谢通路。确定了三个重要模块，并对其进行了路径富集分析。核心基因有10个，其​​中SOD2、COL1A2、COL3A1、POSTN、ALDH18A1、CBS可能是与乳腺炎相关的主要基因，可作为乳腺炎预防和诊断方案的候选基因。