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Single and combined nanotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles and graphene quantum dots against the microalga Heterosigma akashiwo
Environmental Science: Nano ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-13 , DOI: 10.1039/d2en00246a Jiayin Wang, Xiaolin Zhu, Liju Tan, Ting Zhao, Ziqi Ni, Na Zhang, Jiangtao Wang
Environmental Science: Nano ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-13 , DOI: 10.1039/d2en00246a Jiayin Wang, Xiaolin Zhu, Liju Tan, Ting Zhao, Ziqi Ni, Na Zhang, Jiangtao Wang
In order to investigate the combined toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) on microalgae Heterosigma akashiwo, growth inhibition tests were carried out. The growth and biological responses of the algae exposed to nZnO (1, 3, 5, 10 mg L−1) and GQDs (1, 5, 10, 20 mg L−1) were explored in f/2 media. The density of algae cells and the endpoints of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total protein (TP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were used to explore the toxicity mechanism of the nanoparticles to the microalgae. Both nZnO and GQDs inhibited the growth of H. akashiwo and the toxic effect increased with the increase of particle concentrations and incubation time. The 4 d-EC50 values of nZnO and GQDs to H. akashiwo were 4.9 and 8.8 mg L−1, respectively. Nanoparticles caused oxidative stress to H. akashiwo with increased relative levels of ROS, which inhibited protein synthesis, enhanced SOD and ATP activity as well as MDA content significantly to resist oxidative damage to the cells and maintain cellular energy metabolism. nZnO and GQD aggregation and coverage on the cells led to the cellular damage observed by SEM. At low concentrations, the combined toxicity of the two nanoparticles was lower than that under the corresponding concentration of single nanoparticle exposure. The antagonistic effect was mainly attributed to the adsorption of Zn2+ released from nZnO on GQDs and interactions between particles such as heterogeneous aggregation and precipitation. At high concentrations, the combined toxicity showed a synergistic effect, which might be related to the “Trojan-Horse effect”. This study is helpful to understand the effects of different surface characteristic nanoparticles on the growth of marine algae.
中文翻译:
ZnO 纳米粒子和石墨烯量子点对微藻 Heterosigma akashiwo 的单一和联合纳米毒性
为了研究氧化锌纳米粒子(nZnO)与石墨烯量子点(GQDs)对微藻赤藻异质体的联合毒性,进行了生长抑制试验。在 f/2 培养基中探索了暴露于 nZnO (1, 3, 5, 10 mg L -1 ) 和 GQDs (1, 5, 10, 20 mg L -1 )的藻类的生长和生物反应。以藻细胞密度和活性氧(ROS)、总蛋白(TP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)为终点,探讨纳米颗粒对藻类的毒性机制。微藻。nZnO 和 GQDs 均抑制H. akashiwo的生长并且毒性作用随着颗粒浓度和孵育时间的增加而增加。nZnO和GQD对H. akashiwo的4 d-EC 50值分别为4.9和8.8 mg L -1。纳米粒子对H. akashiwo造成氧化应激ROS的相对水平增加,从而抑制蛋白质合成,增强SOD和ATP活性以及MDA含量,从而显着抵抗细胞的氧化损伤并维持细胞能量代谢。nZnO 和 GQD 在细胞上的聚集和覆盖导致 SEM 观察到的细胞损伤。在低浓度下,两种纳米颗粒的组合毒性低于相应浓度的单个纳米颗粒暴露下的毒性。拮抗作用主要归因于对 Zn 2+的吸附。从 GQD 上的 nZnO 释放和粒子之间的相互作用,如异质聚集和沉淀。在高浓度下,联合毒性表现出协同效应,这可能与“特洛伊木马效应”有关。本研究有助于了解不同表面特性纳米粒子对海藻生长的影响。
更新日期:2022-07-13
中文翻译:
ZnO 纳米粒子和石墨烯量子点对微藻 Heterosigma akashiwo 的单一和联合纳米毒性
为了研究氧化锌纳米粒子(nZnO)与石墨烯量子点(GQDs)对微藻赤藻异质体的联合毒性,进行了生长抑制试验。在 f/2 培养基中探索了暴露于 nZnO (1, 3, 5, 10 mg L -1 ) 和 GQDs (1, 5, 10, 20 mg L -1 )的藻类的生长和生物反应。以藻细胞密度和活性氧(ROS)、总蛋白(TP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)为终点,探讨纳米颗粒对藻类的毒性机制。微藻。nZnO 和 GQDs 均抑制H. akashiwo的生长并且毒性作用随着颗粒浓度和孵育时间的增加而增加。nZnO和GQD对H. akashiwo的4 d-EC 50值分别为4.9和8.8 mg L -1。纳米粒子对H. akashiwo造成氧化应激ROS的相对水平增加,从而抑制蛋白质合成,增强SOD和ATP活性以及MDA含量,从而显着抵抗细胞的氧化损伤并维持细胞能量代谢。nZnO 和 GQD 在细胞上的聚集和覆盖导致 SEM 观察到的细胞损伤。在低浓度下,两种纳米颗粒的组合毒性低于相应浓度的单个纳米颗粒暴露下的毒性。拮抗作用主要归因于对 Zn 2+的吸附。从 GQD 上的 nZnO 释放和粒子之间的相互作用,如异质聚集和沉淀。在高浓度下,联合毒性表现出协同效应,这可能与“特洛伊木马效应”有关。本研究有助于了解不同表面特性纳米粒子对海藻生长的影响。