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Familiarity effects on fish behaviour are disrupted in shoals that contain also unfamiliar individuals
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03210-9
Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato, Silvia Cattelan, Matteo Griggio

Abstract

Research on several social fishes has revealed that shoals constituted by familiar individuals behave remarkably differently compared to shoals formed by unfamiliar individuals. However, whether these behavioural changes may arise also in shoals composed by a mixture of familiar and unfamiliar individuals, a situation that may commonly occur in nature, is not clear. Here, we observed the behaviour of Mediterranean killifish (Aphanius fasciatus) shoals that were composed by both familiar and unfamiliar individuals (i.e. individuals were familiar to each other in pairs) and compared it with shoals entirely made by either unfamiliar or familiar individuals. Shoals formed by familiar individuals took longer to emerge from a refuge and swam more cohesively compared to shoals formed by unfamiliar fish. Shoals formed by a mixture of familiar and unfamiliar individuals behaved as shoals formed by unfamiliar individuals. Moreover, mixed shoals did not segregate in pairs according to their familiarity. This study suggests that mixed shoals do not show the behavioural effects of familiarity.

Significance statement

Laboratory studies have compared the behaviour of shoals formed by familiar fish versus shoals formed by unfamiliar fish, finding notable advantages in the former ones, such as improved antipredator and foraging behaviour. However, comparing these two opposite shoal types may not provide information on the natural situation, because in nature, shoals often change composition. We investigated how shoals formed by a mixture of familiar and unfamiliar fish behaved. We analysed shoals’ preference for open environment versus covers and shoals’ swimming cohesion. Results showed that shoals formed by both familiar and unfamiliar individuals mostly behave like shoals entirely formed by unfamiliar individuals. This suggests that the advantages of social groups formed by familiar fish might be hardly seen in nature for species in which shoal composition changes frequently.



中文翻译:

在包含不熟悉个体的浅滩中,熟悉对鱼类行为的影响被破坏

摘要

对几种社会鱼类的研究表明,由熟悉的个体组成的浅滩与由不熟悉的个体组成的浅滩的行为明显不同。然而,这些行为变化是否也可能出现在由熟悉和不熟悉的个体组成的浅滩中,这种情况在自然界中可能普遍发生,尚不清楚。在这里,我们观察了地中海鳉鱼 ( Aphanius fasciatus ) 的行为) 由熟悉和不熟悉的人组成的浅滩(即个人彼此熟悉),并将其与完全由不熟悉或熟悉的人组成的浅滩进行比较。与不熟悉的鱼形成的浅滩相比,由熟悉的鱼形成的浅滩需要更长的时间才能从避难所浮出水面并且游得更紧密。由熟悉和不熟悉的个体混合形成的浅滩的行为与由不熟悉的个体形成的浅滩相同。此外,混合浅滩并没有根据他们的熟悉程度成对隔离。这项研究表明,混合浅滩没有表现出熟悉的行为影响。

意义陈述

实验室研究比较了由熟悉的鱼形成的浅滩与由不熟悉的鱼形成的浅滩的行为,发现前者的显着优势,例如改进的反捕食者和觅食行为。然而,比较这两种相反的浅滩类型可能无法提供有关自然情况的信息,因为在自然界中,浅滩经常改变组成。我们调查了由熟悉和不熟悉的鱼混合形成的浅滩的行为方式。我们分析了浅滩对开放环境的偏好与掩护和浅滩的游泳凝聚力。结果表明,由熟悉和不熟悉的个体形成的浅滩大多表现得像完全由不熟悉的个体形成的浅滩。

更新日期:2022-07-12
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