Background

The long-term clinical status of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in recovered patients remains largely unknown. This prospective cohort study evaluated clinical status of COVID-19 and explored the associated risk factors.

Methods

At the outpatient visit, patients underwent routine blood tests, physical examinations, pulmonary function tests, 6-min walk test, high-resolution computed tomography (CT) of the chest, and extrapulmonary organ function tests.

Results

230 patients were analyzed. Half (52.7%) reported at least one symptom, most commonly fatigue (20.3%) and sleep difficulties (15.8%). Anxiety (8.2%), depression (11.3%), post-traumatic symptoms (10.3%), and sleep disorders (26.3%) were also reported. Diffusion impairments were found in 35.4% of the patients. Abnormal chest CT scans were present in 63.5% of the patients, mainly reticulation and ground-glass opacities. Further, a persistent decline in kidney function was observed after discharge. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies of IgA, IgG, and IgM were positive in 56.4%, 96.3%, and 15.2% of patients, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed that disease severity, age, and sex were closely related to patient recovery.

Conclusions

One year after hospital discharge, patients recovered from COVID-19 continued to experience both pulmonary and extrapulmonary dysfunction. While paying attention to pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19, follow-up studies on extrapulmonary manifestations should be strengthened.

中文翻译：

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从 COVID-19 康复后出院 1 年患者的临床状况：一项前瞻性队列研究

背景

康复患者中 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的长期临床状况在很大程度上仍然未知。这项前瞻性队列研究评估了 COVID-19 的临床状况并探讨了相关的危险因素。

方法

在门诊就诊时，患者接受了常规血液检查、体格检查、肺功能检查、6 分钟步行试验、胸部高分辨率计算机断层扫描 (CT) 和肺外器官功能检查。

结果

分析了 230 名患者。一半 (52.7%) 报告了至少一种症状，最常见的是疲劳 (20.3%) 和睡眠困难 (15.8%)。还报告了焦虑（8.2%）、抑郁（11.3%）、创伤后症状（10.3%）和睡眠障碍（26.3%）。35.4%的患者出现弥散障碍。63.5% 的患者出现胸部 CT 扫描异常，主要是网状和磨玻璃影。此外，出院后观察到肾功能持续下降。IgA、IgG 和 IgM 的 SARS-CoV-2 特异性抗体分别在 56.4%、96.3% 和 15.2% 的患者中呈阳性。多变量逻辑回归显示疾病严重程度、年龄和性别与患者康复密切相关。

结论

出院一年后，从 COVID-19 中康复的患者继续出现肺功能障碍和肺外功能障碍。在关注COVID-19肺部表现的同时，应加强对肺外表现的随访研究。