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Submaximal Fitness Tests in Team Sports: A Theoretical Framework for Evaluating Physiological State
Sports Medicine ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01712-0
Tzlil Shushan 1 , Shaun J McLaren 2, 3 , Martin Buchheit 4, 5, 6, 7 , Tannath J Scott 8, 9 , Steve Barrett 10 , Ric Lovell 1
Affiliation  

Team-sports staff often administer non-exhaustive exercise assessments with a view to evaluating physiological state, to inform decision making on athlete management (e.g., future training or recovery). Submaximal fitness tests have become prominent in team-sports settings for observing responses to a standardized physical stimulus, likely because of their time-efficient nature, relative ease of administration, and physiological rationale. It is evident, however, that many variations of submaximal fitness test characteristics, response measures, and monitoring purposes exist. The aim of this scoping review is to provide a theoretical framework of submaximal fitness tests and a detailed summary of their use as proxy indicators of training effects in team sports. Using a review of the literature stemming from a systematic search strategy, we identified five distinct submaximal fitness test protocols characterized in their combinations of exercise regimen (continuous or intermittent) and the progression of exercise intensity (fixed, incremental, or variable). Heart rate-derived indices were the most studied outcome measures in submaximal fitness tests and included exercise (exercise heart rate) and recovery (heart rate recovery and vagal-related heart rate variability) responses. Despite the disparity between studies, these measures appear more relevant to detect positive chronic endurance-oriented training effects, whereas their role in detecting negative transient effects associated with variations in autonomic nervous system function is not yet clear. Subjective outcome measures such as ratings of perceived exertion were less common in team sports, but their potential utility when collected alongside objective measures (e.g., exercise heart rate) has been advocated. Mechanical outcome measures either included global positioning system-derived locomotor outputs such as distance covered, primarily during standardized training drills (e.g., small-sided games) to monitor exercise performance, or responses derived from inertial measurement units to make inferences about lower limb neuromuscular function. Whilst there is an emerging interest regarding the utility of these mechanical measures, their measurement properties and underpinning mechanisms are yet to be fully established. Here, we provide a deeper synthesis of the available literature, culminating with evidence-based practical recommendations and directions for future research.



中文翻译:

团队运动中的次极量体能测试:评估生理状态的理论框架

团队运动人员经常进行非详尽的运动评估,以评估生理状态,为运动员管理决策(例如,未来训练或恢复)提供信息。次极量健身测试在团队运动环境中已变得突出,用于观察对标准化物理刺激的反应,这可能是因为它们具有时间效率、相对容易管理和生理学原理。然而,很明显,存在许多次极量健康测试特征、响应措施和监测目的的变化。本范围审查的目的是提供次极量健身测试的理论框架,并详细总结其作为团队运动训练效果代理指标的用途。使用源于系统搜索策略的文献回顾,我们确定了五种不同的次极量健身测试方案,其特点是结合了运动方案(连续或间歇)和运动强度的进展(固定、增量或可变)。心率衍生指标是次极量健康测试中研究最多的结果指标,包括运动(运动心率)和恢复(心率恢复和迷走神经相关心率变异性)反应。尽管研究之间存在差异,但这些措施似乎更适合检测积极的慢性耐力训练效果,而它们在检测与自主神经系统功能变化相关的负面瞬态影响方面的作用尚不清楚。主观结果衡量指标(例如自觉努力程度评分)在团队运动中不太常见,但是,当它们与客观指标(例如,运动心率)一起收集时,它们的潜在效用已经得到提倡。机械结果测量要么包括全球定位系统衍生的运动输出,例如覆盖的距离,主要在标准化训练演习(例如,小型比赛)期间监测运动表现,或从惯性测量单元得出的反应,以推断下肢神经肌肉功能. 虽然人们对这些机械测量的效用产生了新的兴趣,但它们的测量特性和支撑机制尚未完全建立。在这里,我们对现有文献进行了更深入的综合,最终提出了基于证据的实用建议和未来研究方向。运动心率)一直被提倡。机械结果测量要么包括全球定位系统衍生的运动输出,例如覆盖的距离,主要在标准化训练演习(例如,小型比赛)期间监测运动表现,或从惯性测量单元得出的反应,以推断下肢神经肌肉功能. 虽然人们对这些机械测量的效用产生了新的兴趣,但它们的测量特性和支撑机制尚未完全建立。在这里,我们对现有文献进行了更深入的综合,最终提出了基于证据的实用建议和未来研究方向。运动心率)一直被提倡。机械结果测量要么包括全球定位系统衍生的运动输出,例如覆盖的距离,主要在标准化训练演习(例如,小型比赛)期间监测运动表现,或从惯性测量单元得出的反应,以推断下肢神经肌肉功能. 虽然人们对这些机械测量的效用产生了新的兴趣,但它们的测量特性和支撑机制尚未完全建立。在这里,我们对现有文献进行了更深入的综合,最终提出了基于证据的实用建议和未来研究方向。机械结果测量要么包括全球定位系统衍生的运动输出,例如覆盖的距离,主要在标准化训练演习(例如,小型比赛)期间监测运动表现,或从惯性测量单元得出的反应,以推断下肢神经肌肉功能. 虽然人们对这些机械测量的效用产生了新的兴趣,但它们的测量特性和支撑机制尚未完全建立。在这里,我们对现有文献进行了更深入的综合,最终提出了基于证据的实用建议和未来研究方向。机械结果测量要么包括全球定位系统衍生的运动输出,例如覆盖的距离,主要在标准化训练演习(例如,小型比赛)期间监测运动表现,或从惯性测量单元得出的反应,以推断下肢神经肌肉功能. 虽然人们对这些机械测量的效用产生了新的兴趣,但它们的测量特性和支撑机制尚未完全建立。在这里,我们对现有文献进行了更深入的综合,最终提出了基于证据的实用建议和未来研究方向。或来自惯性测量单元的响应,以推断下肢神经肌肉功能。虽然人们对这些机械测量的效用产生了新的兴趣,但它们的测量特性和支撑机制尚未完全建立。在这里,我们对现有文献进行了更深入的综合,最终提出了基于证据的实用建议和未来研究方向。或来自惯性测量单元的响应,以推断下肢神经肌肉功能。虽然人们对这些机械测量的效用产生了新的兴趣,但它们的测量特性和支撑机制尚未完全建立。在这里,我们对现有文献进行了更深入的综合,最终提出了基于证据的实用建议和未来研究方向。

更新日期:2022-07-12
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