Peroneal nerve palsy (PNP) and peroneal nerve dysfunction (PND) are rare complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although PND tends to manifest as transient lateral leg paresthesias that are associated with knee motion, PNP has characteristic motor deficits, including loss of ankle dorsiflexion and eversion strength. Although PND can manifest days, weeks, or months after surgery, delayed cases of PNP have not been well documented. We describe a 72-year-old woman with a delayed case of sudden-onset PNP 10 weeks after TKA. She had no neurologic deficits preoperatively and was recovering uneventfully at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. At 10 weeks, she reported insidious onset of drop foot and sensory changes to the lateral leg and dorsum of the foot. Motor deficits included significant loss of ankle dorsiflexion and eversion strength. After a diagnosis of PNP was confirmed with electrodiagnostic studies and lumbar pathology was ruled out with lumbar magnetic resonance imaging, surgical decompression of the peroneal nerve was performed. By 7 weeks after surgical decompression, she had no sensory deficits and nearly full strength in ankle dorsiflexion and eversion. This case shows that PNP can occur several weeks to months outside of the currently documented timeline. Although PNP is an uncommon risk of TKA, it is important to recognize and treat it when it occurs among patients with significant motor and sensory deficits along the distribution of the peroneal nerve postoperatively. [Orthopedics. 20XX;XX(X):xx–xx.]

腓总神经麻痹 (PNP) 和腓总神经功能障碍 (PND) 是全膝关节置换术 (TKA) 后罕见的并发症。尽管 PND 往往表现为与膝关节运动相关的短暂性腿外侧感觉异常，但 PNP 具有特征性的运动缺陷，包括踝关节背屈和外翻强度的丧失。尽管 PND 可以在手术后数天、数周或数月出现，但延迟的 PNP 病例尚未得到充分记录。我们描述了一名 72 岁的女性，她在 TKA 后 10 周出现突发性 PNP 延迟病例。术前她没有神经功能障碍，术后 2 周和 6 周恢复顺利。在 10 周时，她报告了下垂足的潜伏发作以及小腿外侧和足背的感觉变化。运动缺陷包括踝关节背屈和外翻强度的显着丧失。在通过电诊断研究确认 PNP 诊断并通过腰椎磁共振成像排除腰椎病变后，进行腓神经手术减压。手术减压后 7 周，她没有感觉缺陷，踝关节背屈和外翻几乎完全有力量。此案例表明，PNP 可能会在当前记录的时间表之外的几周到几个月内发生。尽管 PNP 是 TKA 的一种罕见风险，但当它发生在术后沿腓神经分布有明显运动和感觉缺陷的患者中时，识别和治疗它很重要。[ 手术减压后 7 周，她没有感觉缺陷，踝关节背屈和外翻几乎完全有力量。此案例表明，PNP 可能会在当前记录的时间表之外的几周到几个月内发生。尽管 PNP 是 TKA 的一种罕见风险，但当它发生在术后沿腓神经分布有明显运动和感觉缺陷的患者中时，识别和治疗它很重要。[ 手术减压后 7 周，她没有感觉缺陷，踝关节背屈和外翻几乎完全有力量。此案例表明，PNP 可能会在当前记录的时间表之外的几周到几个月内发生。尽管 PNP 是 TKA 的一种罕见风险，但当它发生在术后沿腓神经分布有明显运动和感觉缺陷的患者中时，识别和治疗它很重要。[ 当术后腓神经分布区出现明显的运动和感觉障碍的患者中，识别和治疗它很重要。[ 当术后腓神经分布区出现明显的运动和感觉障碍的患者中，识别和治疗它很重要。[骨科。20XX;XX(X):xx–xx.]