Gender differences in physical aggression across early and middle childhood have been reliably established, with boys engaging in physical aggression more often than girls. The social information processing (SIP) model is an empirically-supported model initially developed to understand the etiology of physical aggression in boys. However, it remains unclear the extent to which this model also applies to girls who are more likely to engage in relational than physical aggression. The purpose of the current review is to examine the applicability of the SIP model to relational aggression in girls, using gender-schema and social-cognitive theories of gender development to inform our understanding of how gender socialization processes influence the development of SIP skills and displays of aggression. We argue that although a gender-linked version of the SIP model provides compelling theoretical predictions of when and why girls will engage in relationally aggressive behavior, empirical evidence in support of this model is mixed. After critically evaluating empirical literature in this area, we then briefly review evidence regarding the efficacy of SIP-focused interventions for physical and relational aggression and discuss their applicability to males and females. We conclude the paper by discussing limitations of extant research and highlighting future directions in this area.

已经可靠地确定了儿童早期和中期身体攻击的性别差异，男孩比女孩更频繁地进行身体攻击。社会信息处理 (SIP) 模型是一个经验支持的模型，最初是为了了解男孩身体攻击的病因而开发的。然而，目前尚不清楚这种模式在多大程度上也适用于那些更有可能进行关系而非身体攻击的女孩。当前审查的目的是检查 SIP 模型对女孩关系攻击的适用性，使用性别图式和社会认知性别发展理论来告知我们对性别社会化过程如何影响 SIP 技能和展示的发展的理解的侵略性。我们认为，尽管 SIP 模型的性别相关版本提供了令人信服的理论预测，即女孩何时以及为何会从事相关的攻击性行为，但支持该模型的经验证据是混杂的。在对该领域的实证文献进行批判性评估后，我们随后简要回顾了有关以 SIP 为重点的干预对身体和关系攻击的有效性的证据，并讨论了它们对男性和女性的适用性。我们通过讨论现有研究的局限性并强调该领域的未来方向来结束本文。然后，我们简要回顾了有关以 SIP 为重点的干预对身体和关系攻击的有效性的证据，并讨论了它们对男性和女性的适用性。我们通过讨论现有研究的局限性并强调该领域的未来方向来结束本文。然后，我们简要回顾了有关以 SIP 为重点的干预对身体和关系攻击的有效性的证据，并讨论了它们对男性和女性的适用性。我们通过讨论现有研究的局限性并强调该领域的未来方向来结束本文。