Significant progress has been made in direct air capture (DAC) in recent years. Evidence suggests that the large-scale deployment of DAC by adsorption would be technically feasible for gigatons of CO₂ capture annually. However, great efforts in adsorption-based DAC technologies are still required. This review provides an exhaustive description of materials development, adsorbent shaping, in situ characterization, adsorption mechanism simulation, process design, system integration, and techno-economic analysis of adsorption-based DAC over the past five years; and in terms of adsorbent development, affordable DAC adsorbents such as amine-containing porous materials with large CO₂ adsorption capacities, fast kinetics, high selectivity, and long-term stability under ultra-low CO₂ concentration and humid conditions. It is also critically important to develop efficient DAC adsorptive processes. Research and development in structured adsorbents that operate at low-temperature with excellent CO₂ adsorption capacities and kinetics, novel gas–solid contactors with low heat and mass transfer resistances, and energy-efficient regeneration methods using heat, vacuum, and steam purge is needed to commercialize adsorption-based DAC. The synergy between DAC and carbon capture technologies for point sources can help in mitigating climate change effects in the long-term. Further investigations into DAC applications in the aviation, agriculture, energy, and chemical industries are required as well. This work benefits researchers concerned about global energy and environmental issues, and delivers perspective views for further deployment of negative-emission technologies.

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通过吸附直接捕获空气的最新进展

近年来，直接空气捕获（DAC）取得了重大进展。有证据表明，通过吸附大规模部署 DAC 对于每年捕获数十亿吨的 CO _{2在技术上是可行的。}然而，仍然需要在基于吸附的 DAC 技术方面做出巨大努力。本综述对过去五年中基于吸附的 DAC的材料开发、吸附剂成型、原位表征、吸附机理模拟、工艺设计、系统集成和技术经济分析进行了详尽的描述；在吸附剂开发方面，经济实惠的 DAC 吸附剂，如含有大量 CO _{2的含胺多孔材料}在超低CO ₂浓度和潮湿条件下具有吸附能力、快速动力学、高选择性和长期稳定性。开发高效的 DAC 吸附工艺也至关重要。研究和开发在低温下具有优异 CO _{2性能的结构化吸附剂}吸附容量和动力学，具有低传热和传质阻力的新型气固接触器，以及使用热、真空和蒸汽吹扫的节能再生方法是商业化基于吸附的 DAC 所必需的。DAC 和点源碳捕获技术之间的协同作用有助于长期缓解气候变化的影响。还需要对航空、农业、能源和化学工业中的 DAC 应用进行进一步调查。这项工作有利于关注全球能源和环境问题的研究人员，并为进一步部署负排放技术提供透视图。