ABSTRACT

Freeze desalination (FD) is an efficient technology to produce fresh water through formation of ice crystals in the seawater or brackish water and subsequent separation of salt (or other components) from the pure ice fraction. FD development has been focused primarily on two areas, the purification of ice portion, and a significant increase in desalination productivity, allowing a considerable decrease in energy consumption. However, only laboratory and pilot-scale FD studies have been conducted, and actually, the possible industrial FD applications have been limited due to the predominance of thermal- and membrane-based desalination technologies. Whereby, the focus of this review is on the general principles, advantages and disadvantages of FD, and in addition, this article discusses the environmental impact of FD and other desalination systems in brine-loaded media discharged into aquatic environment.

摘要

冷冻淡化（FD）是一种通过在海水或苦咸水中形成冰晶并随后从纯冰部分中分离盐（或其他成分）来生产淡水的有效技术。FD 的发展主要集中在两个领域：冰部分的净化和海水淡化生产力的显着提高，从而大幅降低能源消耗。然而，仅进行了实验室和中试规模的FD研究，实际上，由于热法和膜法海水淡化技术的主导地位，FD的工业应用受到了限制。因此，本次审查的重点是 FD 的一般原理、优点和缺点，此外，