The components and hospitable properties of tumor microenvironment (TME) are associated with tumor progression. Recently, TME modulating vectors and strategies have garnished significant attention in cancer therapy. Although a pilot work has reviewed TME regulation via nanoparticle-based delivery systems, there is no systematical review that summarizes the natural bacteria-based anti-tumor system to modulate TME. In this review, we conclude the strategies of bacterial carriers (including whole bacteria, bacterial skeleton and bacterial components) to regulate TME from the perspective of TME components and hospitable properties, and the clinical trials of bacteria-mediated cancer therapy. Current challenges and future prospects for the design of bacteria-based carriers are also proposed that provide critical insights into this natural delivery system and related translation from the bench to the clinic.

肿瘤微环境 (TME) 的成分和宜居特性与肿瘤进展相关。最近，TME 调节载体和策略在癌症治疗中引起了极大的关注。尽管一项试点工作已经通过基于纳米颗粒的递送系统审查了 TME 调节，但没有系统的审查来总结基于天然细菌的抗肿瘤系统来调节 TME。在这篇综述中，我们从 TME 成分和好客特性的角度总结了细菌载体（包括全细菌、细菌骨架和细菌成分）调节 TME 的策略，以及细菌介导的癌症治疗的临床试验。