The outer and internal cuticles in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves on the plain and in the mountains was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The outer cuticle consisted of lamellate and homogeneous layers of the cuticle proper and cuticular layer containing electron-transparent plates and electron-dense dendrites. Blue fluorescence predominated in the cell wall. The cuticle fluoresced green and red. The intensity of the red part of the spectrum in the cuticle increased with altitude, and the number of electron-transparent plates increased within the cuticular layer. The cell wall on both leaf sides was the thinnest in the arid conditions (300 m). At an altitude of 600 m, under favorable temperature and rainfall conditions, the cuticle thickness increased due to the cuticular layer adjacent to the cell wall. The internal cuticle was distinguished by intense yellow or red autofluorescence, similar in color and spectrum to the outer cuticle. The outer and internal cuticles had cuticular folds. The average distance between the ridges of the internal cuticle was almost the same in the samples at different altitudes. The ridge height was maximum at 600 m.

中文翻译：

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山地和平原海棠属（蔷薇科）叶片的外表皮和内表皮

苹果（ Malus domestica）的外表皮和内表皮Borkh.) 使用透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 和共焦激光扫描显微镜 (CLSM) 研究了平原和山区的叶子。外层角质层由层状和均质层组成，角质层本身和角质层含有电子透明板和电子致密的枝晶。蓝色荧光在细胞壁中占主导地位。角质层发出绿色和红色荧光。角质层光谱中红色部分的强度随海拔升高而增加，角质层内电子透明板的数量增加。在干旱条件下（300 m），叶片两侧的细胞壁最薄。在海拔600 m处，在有利的温度和降雨条件下，由于角质层与细胞壁相邻，角质层厚度增加。内部角质层以强烈的黄色或红色自发荧光为特征，在颜色和光谱上与外部角质层相似。外层和内层角质层有角质层褶皱。在不同海拔高度的样品中，内部角质层脊之间的平均距离几乎相同。山脊高度最大为 600 m。