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Fear conditioning as a pathogenic mechanism in the postural tachycardia syndrome
Brain ( IF 14.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-08 , DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac249
Lucy Norcliffe-Kaufmann 1 , Jose-Alberto Palma 1 , Jose Martinez 1 , Celeste Camargo 1 , Horacio Kaufmann 1
Affiliation  

Despite its increasing recognition and extensive research, there is no unifying hypothesis on the pathophysiology of the postural tachycardia syndrome. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the role of fear conditioning and its association with tachycardia and cerebral hypoperfusion upon standing in 28 patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (31 ± 12 years old, 25 women) and 21 matched controls. We found that patients had higher somatic vigilance (p = 0.0167) and more anxiety (p < 0.0001). They also had a more pronounced anticipatory tachycardia right before assuming the upright position in a tilt-table test (p = 0.015), a physiologic indicator of fear conditioning to orthostasis. While standing, patients had faster heart rate (p < 0.001), higher plasma catecholamine levels (p = 0.020), lower end-tidal CO2 (p = 0.005), and reduced middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (p = 0.002). Multi-linear logistic regression modeling showed that both epinephrine secretion and excessive somatic vigilance predicted the magnitude of the tachycardia and the hyperventilation. These findings suggest that the postural tachycardia syndrome is a functional psychogenic disorder in which standing may acquire a frightful quality, so that even when experienced alone, it elicits a fearful conditioned response. Heightened somatic anxiety is associated with and may predispose to a fear-conditioned hyperadrenergic state when standing. Our results have therapeutic implications.

中文翻译:

恐惧调节作为姿势性心动过速综合征的致病机制

尽管其认知度不断提高并进行了广泛的研究,但对于体位性心动过速综合征的病理生理学还没有统一的假设。在这项横断面研究中,我们检查了 28 名体位性心动过速综合征患者(31 ± 12 岁,25 名女性)和 21 名匹配对照者站立时恐惧调节的作用及其与心动过速和脑灌注不足的关系。我们发现患者有更高的躯体警惕性(p = 0.0167)和更多的焦虑(p < 0.0001)。在倾斜台测试中采取直立位置之前,他们还出现了更明显的预期性心动过速(p = 0.015),这是恐惧调节到直立状态的生理指标。站立时,患者心率加快 (p < 0.001)、血浆儿茶酚胺水平升高 (p = 0.020)、呼气末 CO2 降低 (p = 0.005)、大脑中动脉血流速度降低(p = 0.002)。多线性逻辑回归模型显示,肾上腺素分泌和过度的躯体警惕性都可以预测心动过速和过度换气的程度。这些发现表明,姿势性心动过速综合征是一种功能性心因性疾病,其中站立可能会产生可怕的品质,因此即使单独经历,也会引起可怕的条件反射。高度的躯体焦虑与站立时的恐惧条件性肾上腺素能亢进状态有关,并可能导致这种状态的发生。我们的结果具有治疗意义。多线性逻辑回归模型显示,肾上腺素分泌和过度的躯体警惕性都可以预测心动过速和过度换气的程度。这些发现表明,姿势性心动过速综合征是一种功能性心因性疾病,其中站立可能会产生可怕的品质,因此即使单独经历,也会引起可怕的条件反射。高度的躯体焦虑与站立时的恐惧条件性肾上腺素能亢进状态有关,并可能导致这种状态的发生。我们的结果具有治疗意义。多线性逻辑回归模型显示,肾上腺素分泌和过度的躯体警惕性都可以预测心动过速和过度换气的程度。这些发现表明,姿势性心动过速综合征是一种功能性心因性疾病,其中站立可能会产生可怕的品质,因此即使单独经历,也会引起可怕的条件反射。高度的躯体焦虑与站立时的恐惧条件性肾上腺素能亢进状态有关,并可能导致这种状态的发生。我们的结果具有治疗意义。高度的躯体焦虑与站立时的恐惧条件性肾上腺素能亢进状态有关,并可能导致这种状态的发生。我们的结果具有治疗意义。高度的躯体焦虑与站立时的恐惧条件性肾上腺素能亢进状态有关,并可能导致这种状态的发生。我们的结果具有治疗意义。
更新日期:2022-07-08
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