Antibiotic resistance is currently an extensive medical challenge worldwide, with global numbers increasing steadily. Recent data have highlighted wastewater treatment plants as a reservoir of resistance genes. The impact of these findings for human health can best be summarized using a One Health concept. However, the molecular mechanisms impacting resistance spread have not been carefully evaluated. Bacterial viruses, that is bacteriophages, have recently been shown to be important mediators of bacterial resistance genes in environmental milieus and are transferrable to human pathogens. Herein, we investigated the biogeographical impact on resistance spread through river-borne bacteriophages using amplicon deep sequencing of the microbiota, absolute quantification of resistance genes using ddPCR, and phage induction capacity within wastewater. Microbial biodiversity of the rivers is significantly affected by river site, surrounding milieu and time of sampling. Furthermore, areas of land associated with agriculture had a significantly higher ability to induce bacteriophages carrying antibiotic resistance genes, indicating their impact on resistance spread. It is imperative that we continue to analyse global antibiotic resistance problem from a One Health perspective to gain novel insights into mechanisms of resistance spread.

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河流中抗菌素耐药性的生物地理变异受农业影响并通过噬菌体传播

抗生素耐药性目前是全球范围内广泛的医学挑战，全球数量稳步增加。最近的数据强调污水处理厂是抗性基因的储存库。这些发现对人类健康的影响最好用一个健康概念来概括。然而，尚未仔细评估影响耐药性传播的分子机制。细菌病毒，即噬菌体，最近已被证明是环境环境中细菌抗性基因的重要介质，并且可转移至人类病原体。在此，我们使用微生物群的扩增子深度测序、使用 ddPCR 对抗性基因进行绝对定量以及废水中的噬菌体诱导能力，研究了通过河流传播的噬菌体传播抗性的生物地理学影响。河流的微生物多样性受河流地点、周围环境和采样时间的显着影响。此外，与农业相关的土地区域具有明显更高的诱导携带抗生素抗性基因的噬菌体的能力，表明它们对抗性传播的影响。我们必须继续从 One Health 的角度分析全球抗生素耐药性问题，以获得对耐药性传播机制的新见解。